Table 1.

Potential Regulatory Pathways of Ferroptosis

Regulatory Pathways		Key Mechanisms	Effect on Ferroptosis	References
microRNA	miR-124	Down-regulate the expression of FPN1	Induce	[40]
	miR-214	Down-regulate the expression of TFR1 Inhibit p53 expression and thus upregulate SLC7A11	Inhibit	[66]
	miR-212-5p	Down-regulate the expression of PTGS2	Inhibit	[67]
Histone Modification		BAP1 inhibits SLC7A11 expression via H2Aub deacetylation, which in turn inhibits GSH production	Induce	[69,70]
Nrf2		Promote SLC7A11 expression and increase GSH production Upregulate MRP1 thereby preventing GSH export Upregulate FTH1 expression	Inhibit	[78,79,81]
P53		Inhibit SLC7A11 expression Upregulate SAT1, which in turn increase ALOX15 expression	Induce	[84,85]
		Inhibit DPP4 Upregulate p21 expression to slow GSH depletion	Inhibit	[57,86]
AMPK		Phosphorylate and destroy ACC thereby inhibiting fat synthesis	Inhibit	[90]
		Phosphorylate and activate BECN1 to inhibit the activity of system Xc-	Induce	[92]
Autophagy		NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy promotes iron accumulation in ferroptosis HSP90-mediated CMA decreases GPX4 content	Induce	[34,96]

Abbreviations: FPN 1, ferroportin 1; TFR1, transferrin receptor 1; PTGS2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; BAP1, BRCA1-associated protein 1; H2Aub, histone 2A ubiquitination; GSH, glutathione; Nrf2, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2; MRP1, multidrug resistance protein 1; FTH1, ferritin heavy chain 1; ALOX15, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase; DPP4, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; ACC, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; BECN1, beclin 1; NCOA4, nuclear receptor coactivator 4; HSP90, heat shock protein 90; CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4.