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. 2022 Mar 3;15:1617–1635. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S332793

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© 2022 Jaggers et al.

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Stress effects on FosB in the hippocampus are microbe dependent. Brain hippocampal FosB and IBA-1 expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry following behavior testing. Representative sagittal brain hippocampal sections from experimental groups stained with either (A) FosB or (C) Iba1. Stress-exposed mice had increased (B) FosB expression in the hippocampus when compared to control mice (*p < 0.05 vs all other groups). The FosB expression increase was ameliorated in stressed mice gavaged with antibiotics (stress x antibiotic interaction, p < 0.05). Similar to FosB, (D) Iba1 expression was increased in stress-exposed mice gavaged with water when compared to all other groups (*p < 0.05 vs all other groups). n = 5–6 per group from 2 replicate experiments.