Table 1.
Baseline of characteristics of studies of systematic review and meta-analysis.
| Study | Country | Type | Sample size | Mean age (year) |
Percentage Male (%) |
Percentage DM (%) |
Follow-up duration (month) | Reported outcome | Adjusted factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ye H 2017 [15] | China | Retrospec-tive | 1321 | 48.1 ± 15.3 | 58.7 | 23.5 | 34 (21–48） | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality | age, sex, DM, CVD, ALB, 24 h urine output, Hb, P |
| Xiang S 2019 [16] |
China | Retrospec-tive | 9405 | 52.5 ± 14.6 | 54.9 | 12.2 | 34.5 ± 23.2 | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
DM, CVD, Ca, RRF, Hb, Cr, ALB, PTH, potassium, natrium, P, fasting plasma glucose |
| Xue Y 2019 [17] | China | Retrospec-tive | 748 | 50.1 | 6.23 (2.423– 11.652) |
All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, Cr, urea, ALB, Hb, Ca, DM, P, DBP, CHD, eGFR | ||
| Hwang SD 2019 [18] | Korea | Retrospec-tive | 6071 | 65.8 ± 13.7 | 57.5 | 36.1 | 90.96 ± 54.34 | All-cause mortality | age, sex, DM, ALB, Hb, SBP, DBP, PNA, cholesterol, total body water, urine duration, Kt/Vurea week total, Cr clearance weekly |
| Lai KJ 2018 [19] | China | Retrospec-tive | 492 | 53.5 ± 15.3 | 48 | 34.6 | 36.4 | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, sex, BMI, smoking, medication, comorbidi-ties, PD related parameters, laboratory data |
| Jung HY 2018 [20] | Korea | Prospective | 953 | 57.2 ± 12.8 | 58.6 | 45 | 36.0 ± 16.2 | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality | age, sex, BMI, SBP, DBP, DM, smoking, myocardial infarction, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, dialysis vintage |
| Liu Y 2017 [21] | China | Retrospec-tive | 667 | 42.9 | 24.7 | 32.64 | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, sex, 24 h urinary output, Hb, ALB, Ca, AST, P, ALT, PTH | |
| Rhee CM 2014 [22] | USA | Retrospec-tive | 9244 | 54 ± 15 | 52 | 49 | 32.4 (15.6–51.6) | All-cause mortality | age, sex, race, DM, BMI, CVD, smoking, ferritin, dialysis vintage, primary insurance, marital status |
| Liu X 2014 [23] | China | Retrospec-tive | 1021 | 47.5 ± 15.5 | 59.1 | 22.8 | 31 (19–45) | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, sex, 24 h urinary output, BP, ALB, Hb, comorbidity score, ALT, AST, P, Ca, iPTH, phosphate binders use |
| Li W 2017 [24] | China | Retrospec-tive | 1228 | 46.96 ± 14.9 | 61.2 | 25.5 | 35 (18.7–52.3) | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, sex, BMI, DM, CVD, Hb, ALB, TG, uric acid, MAP, rGFR |
| Lee S 2017 [25] | Korea | Prospective | 1152 | 54 (45–64) | 56.5 | 34.8 | 52.8 ± 20.4 | All-cause mortality | age, sex, MCCI, BMI, ALB, ALP, Ca, P, SGA, uric acid |
| Kim YK 2014 [26] | Korea | Prospective | 900 | 56 ± 12 | 57 | 32 | 24 (14 − 27) | All-cause mortality | age, sex, DM, Davies comorbidity score |
| Prasad N 2014 [27] | India | Prospective | 328 | 52.6 ± 12.6 | 73.8 | 53.7 | 20.0 ± 14.3 | All-cause mortality | age, SGA, DM, ALB, comorbidities, rGFR |
| Tian Y 2016 [28] | China | Retrospec-tive | 294 | 50.8 ± 14.0 | 62.2 | 14.3 | 33.3 (17.3–52.8) | All-cause mortality | age, time to first peritonitis, cholesterol, DM, eGFR, ALB, CCI score |
| Feng S 2016 [29] | China | Retrospec-tive | 189 | 57.5 ± 15.9 | 56.1 | 51.3 | All-cause mortality | age, DM, ALB, CRP, RRF | |
| Liu X 2016 [30] | China | Retrospec-tive | 1778 | 47.4 ± 15.6 | 59.5 | 25.3 | 35 (17–56) | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, sex, PD inception |
| Yang X 2016 [9] | China | Retrospec-tive | 10692 | 56 ± 16 | 55 | 40 | 13 (7–23) | All-cause mortality | age, sex, DM, race, primary insurance, geographic location, ESRD reason, prior transplant, comorbidities, laboratory |
| Cai K 2016 [10] | China | Retrospec-tive | 253 | 58 ± 16 | 55.3 | 22.9 | 29 (4–120) | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, sex, DM, rGFR, MAP, urinary output, sodium, Cr clearance, malnutrition, bone disorder-related factors |
| Wu X 2016 [31] | China | Retrospec-tive | 1068 | 48.0 ± 15.4 | 58.8 | 23.1 | 21.7 ± 14.1 | All-cause mortality | age, heart disease, DM, stroke, MAP, Hb, ALB, hs-CRP, time to first peritonitis |
| Xiong L 2015 [32] | China | Retrospec-tive | 1263 | 47.8 ± 15.0 | 58.6 | 24.1 | 25.3 (3.03– 82.07) |
All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, sex, DM, CVD, MAP, Hb, ALB, hs-CRP, TG, rGFR, Kt/Vurea, total cholesterol |
| Xu Q 2014 [12] | China | Retrospec-tive | 886 | 48.5 ± 15.4 | 57.1 | 23.9 | 31 (0.5–81.0) | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality | age, sex, BMI, DM, Hb, ALB, CCI, hs-CRP |
| Dong J 2014 [33] | China | Retrospec-tive | 2264 | 58.1 ± 15.5 | 49.1 | 37.7 | 26.5 (13.6–43.6) | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, sex, RRF, ALB, Hb, P, CRP, CVD, DM, MAP, BMI, LDL |
| Torlen K 2012 [34] | Sweden | Retrospec-tive | 10468 | 56 ± 16 | 53 | 49 | 27 | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, sex, DM, race, dialysis vintage, Hb, primary insurance, marital status, BMI, smoking, CVD, cancer, ferritin, ALP, WBC, ALB, Cr, Ca, P, PTH, total iron binding capacity |
| Angela 2003 [35] |
China | Prospective | 246 | 55 ± 12 | 52 | 31 | 24 (2–34) | All-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality |
age, weight, height, BMI, CVD, DBP, LV mass index, LV end-diastolic diameter, LV ejection fraction, LV fractional shortening |
| Guan JC 2015 [36] |
China | Retrospec-tive | 102 | 57.8 | 22.6 | All-cause mortality | age, ALB, Hb, glycated Hb A1c, clearance of Cr, RRF, PNA | ||
| Rumpsfe-ld M 2006 [37] | Australia | Retrospec-tive | 3702 | 59.4 ± 14.8 | 53.9 | 38.1 | All-cause mortality | age, sex, race, smoking, BMI, weekly Kt/V, RRF, vintage year, PD modality, hyperten-sion,chronic lung disease, DM, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovas-cular disease |
Hb: hemoglobulin; PTH: parathyroid hormone; DM: diabetes mellitus; RRF: residual renal function; ALB: albumin; hs-CRP: hypersensitive C-reactive protein; CVD: cardiovascular disease; TG: total triglyceride; WBC: white blood cell; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Ca: calcium; Cr: creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; rGFR: residual glomerular filtration rate; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SGA: subjective global assessment; PNA: protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance; MCCI, modified Charlson comorbidity index.