Treatment timeline, Alpha diversity, Beta diversity, and 24-h urinary protein of patient A before, during, and post FMT. (A) Treatment timeline of patient A. The timeline shows the major clinical events during the treatment process of patient A. M: month; FK506: tacrolimus; MMF: mycophenolate mofetil; FMT: fecal microbiota transplantation. (B) Alpha diversity (Chao index), which refers to the diversity within a particular region or ecosystem and is a comprehensive indicator of richness and evenness of gut microbiota in patient A. Black dots represent different samples collected from patient A before (A_Pre), during (A_FMT), and post FMT (A_Post). (C) Beta diversity (PCOA index), which reflects the significant microbial community difference between gut microbiota of samples from patient A. Red dots represent samples from donors; Samples collected from patient A before (A_Pre, blue square), during (A_FMT, green triangle), and post FMT (A_Post, yellow diamond). (D) 24-h urinary protein of patient A before, during, and post FMT. Red solid line indicates the trend.