Table 3.

Published studies with SGLT2i use in KT

Study id	Study design, follow-up	Population	Intervention/s	Outcome
Rajasekeran et al. [59]	Case series, n = 11 Follow-up: 80.5 person-months after canaglifozin initiation	KT (n = 6) and SPKT (n = 4) recipients treated with canaglifozin	All patients treated with canaglifozin	No urinary nor mycotic infections. No major complications Small reductions in eGFR (−4.3 ± 12.2 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.3), but no episodes of AKI Discrete HbA1c reduction of −0.84 ± 1.2% (P = 0.07)
Schwaiger et al. [60]	Prospective interventional study, n = 14 Follow-up: 4 weeks (n = 14), 12 months (n = 8)	KT with PTDM receiving treatment with insulin and eGFR >30 mL/min/1.73 m2	Four weeks on stable insulin treatment, and after a 3-day insulin wash-out, conversion to empaglifozin in monotherapy. Reinstitution of insulin if poor glycaemic control *Concomitant antidiabetic drugs were discontinued	Increased FPG from 111 ± 21 to 144 ± 45 mg/dL (P = 0.005) and 2HGP from 232 ± 82 to 273 ± 116 mg/dL (P = 0.06) in 4 weeks Decrease of body weight from 83.7 ± 7.6 to 81.6 ± 7.4 kg in 4 weeks (P = 0.03) and to 78.7 kg in 12 months (P = 0.02) Decrease of eGFR from 55.6 ± 20.3 to 47.5 ± 15.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.008). Not statistically significant differences in 12 months
Attallah et al. [61]	Case series, n = 8 Mean follow-up: 12 months	KT treated with empaglifozin (previous DM n = 4, PTDM n = 4)	All patients treated with empaglifozin *Some patients taking concomitant antidiabetic drugs	Slight initial worsening of renal function, but then stabilized (mean SCr from 88.5 to 99.5 mmol/L) Mean decrease of HbA1c of 0.85% Mean decrease of body weight of 2.4 kg Two patients developed UTI
Halden et al. [62]	RCT, n = 49 Follow-up: 24 weeks	KT recipients with diagnosis of PTDM	Empaglifozin (n = 22) versus placebo (n = 22)	Statistically significant reduction of HbA1c compared with placebo: median −0.2% (IQR −0.6, −0.1) versus 0.1 (−0.1, 0.4); P = 0.025 Median reduction of body weight of −2.5 kg (IQR −4.0, −0.05) compared with placebo group (P = 0.014) No significant differences in adverse events or eGFR
Mahling et al. [63]	Case series, n = 10 Median follow-up: 12 months	KT recipients receiving empaglifozin and eGFR >45 mL/min/1.73 m2 *Includes PTDM and previous DM diagnosis	All patients received empaglifozin	eGFR remained stable Slight decrease in the median of HbA1c of 0.2% (P > 0.05) Median decrease of body weight −1.0 kg (IQR −1.9, −0.2 kg)

FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IQR, interquartile range; SPKT, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant.