Table 2.
Baseline characteristics according to the development of AF.
| Variable | No AF (n = 20,890) | AF (n = 459) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age ≥ 65 years | 5746 (27.51) | 258 (56.21) | < .0001 |
| Male | 9147 (43.79) | 236 (51.42) | 0.0011 |
| Smoking | 0.0003 | ||
| Nonsmoker | 12,654 (60.57) | 249 (54.25) | |
| Ex-smoker | 4420 (21.16) | 133 (28.98) | |
| Current smoker | 3816 (18.27) | 77 (16.78) | |
| Alcohol consumption | < .0001 | ||
| None | 6280 (30.06) | 179 (39.00) | |
| Mild to moderate | 12,929 (61.89) | 228 (49.67) | |
| Heavy | 1681 (8.05) | 52 (11.33) | |
| Moderate physical activity | 8227 (39.38) | 194 (42.27) | 0.2112 |
| Household income (lowest quartile) | 3978 (19.04) | 163 (35.51) | < .0001 |
| Occupation, yes | 13,160 (63.00) | 240 (52.29) | < .0001 |
| High education | 11,728 (56.14) | 168 (36.60) | < .0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2708 (12.96) | 83 (18.08) | 0.0013 |
| Hypertension | 7948 (38.05) | 273 (59.48) | < .0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 4191 (20.06) | 83 (18.08) | 0.2945 |
| Asthma | 618 (2.96) | 29 (6.32) | < .0001 |
| Prior stroke | 344 (1.65) | 17 (3.70) | 0.0007 |
| Prior ischemic heart disease | 529 (2.53) | 33 (7.19) | < .0001 |
| Lung function | < .0001 | ||
| Normal | 16,105 (77.09) | 260 (56.64) | |
| Restrictive | 2096 (10.03) | 82 (17.86) | |
| Obstructive | 2689 (12.87) | 117 (25.49) | |
| Anthropometric measurements | |||
| Obesity | 7712 (36.9) | 195 (42.3) | 0.0146 |
| Abdominal obesity | 8887 (42.5) | 247 (53.8) | < .0001 |
| Height (cm) | 156.28 ± 9.09 | 156.27 ± 9.99 | 0.9986 |
| Weight (kg) | 58.10 ± 10.68 | 59.48 ± 10.66 | 0.0061 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.19 ± 2.91 | 24.67 ± 3.05 | 0.0004 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.21 ± 9.10 | 81.07 ± 9.37 | < .0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.85 ± 16.63 | 128.25 ± 17.98 | < .0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.49 ± 10.25 | 77.49 ± 10.92 | 0.9964 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 101.47 ± 23.55 | 102.12 ± 20.02 | 0.5616 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.84 ± 0.24 | 0.89 ± 0.35 | < .0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 89.58 ± 16.84 | 85.37 ± 19.14 | < .0001 |
| White blood cell (× 109/L) | 6.07 ± 1.70 | 6.04 ± 1.66 | 0.7651 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.00 ± 1.53 | 14.05 ± 1.62 | 0.4956 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194.75 ± 36.14 | 189.93 ± 36.20 | 0.0047 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48.90 ± 11.77 | 46.89 ± 11.80 | 0.0003 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 120.91 (119.97–121.86) | 124.99 (118.61–131.71) | 0.2239 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 19.31 (19.18–19.44) | 19.12 (18.31–19.97) | 0.6678 |
| AST (IU/L) | 21.81 (21.71–21.90) | 23.00 (22.30–23.71) | 0.0006 |
Values are presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. AF, atrial fibrillation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase.