Table 2. Cell-targeted therapies for treatment of autoimmune diseases.
| Target cell | Structure | Drug | Clinical application | Under investigation (phase IIb or III) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B cell | Anti-CD20 mAb | Rituximab | RA | Pemphigus vulgaris (28) |
| GPA, MPA | ||||
| Off-label use: MS, immune thrombocytopenia | ||||
| Ocrelizumab | MS | |||
| Ofatumumab | MS | |||
| Ublituximab | MS (NCT03277261, NCT03277248, NCT04130997) | |||
| Anti-CD19 mAb | Inebilizumab | NMOSD | IgG4RD (NCT04540497) | |
| Myasthenia gravis (NCT04524273) | ||||
| Anti-BAFF mAb | Belimumab | SLE | ||
| Anti-BAFF-R mAb | Ianalumab | SLE (NCT05126277) | ||
| pSS (29) | ||||
| T cell | CTLA4-IgG1 Fc | Abatacept | RA, pJIA | pSS (NCT02067910, NCT02915159) |
| PsA (30) | ||||
| Idiopathic inflammatory myositis (NCT02971683) | ||||
| GPA (NCT02108860) | ||||
| Anti-CD40 mAb | Iscalimab | pSS (NCT03905525) |
This table includes drugs approved for autoimmune diseases or under clinical development based on positive results from phase II trials.
GPA, granulomatosis with polyangiitis; MPA, microscopic polyangiitis; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; IgG4RD, immunoglobulin G4 related disease; pJIA, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis.