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. 2022 Mar 7;5:210. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03165-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Percentage of males that successfully escaped the flight test device. Grey dots in rectangles represent the total numbers of males that remained inside the flight tunnel and that escaped (right y-axis). Black dots are the estimate values with vertical lines being 95% confidence intervals. N = 3 replicates with an average of 82 ± 13 males were performed. To test the effect of the lines on the flight test success, we used linear generalised mixed-effect model and Bernoulli distribution assumptions with “replicate” as random effect. p-value < 0.001. b Hatching rate measured by dividing the number of progeny by the number of eggs on N = 3 egg batches. Dried eggs were counted, submerged, placed in a vacuum chamber for 30 mn and allowed to hatch for 24 h before counting larvae. Grey dots in rectangles show the total numbers of eggs that hatched or did not hatch (right y-axis). Black dots are the estimate values with vertical lines being 95% confidence intervals. Hatching rate was compared by linear generalised mixed-effect model: p-value = 0.423. c Fertility measured by the number of progeny sired by 30 males crossed with 60 females. Black dots represent the mean value of the N = 3 biological replicates, vertical lines represent 95% confidence intervals. The effect of line on fertility was tested using a linear model: p-value = 0.532. d To estimate SM9 male competitiveness, N = 5 competition assays were performed, crossing 30 WT males and 30 SM9 males to 30 females. In their progeny, the percentage of SM9 pseudo-males was measured by COPAS and compared to the expected percentage (dashed line) by linear generalised mixed-effect model: 10.2 ± 0.4 % of transgenic progeny vs. 27.9% of expected value (p-value < 0.001). Grey dots in rectangles are representative of the total numbers of transgenic SM9 pseudo-males and non-transgenic individuals in the progeny (right y-axis). Black dots are the estimate values with vertical lines being 95% confidence intervals. In all panels, grey dots in the middle part of the graph represent pooled replicates.