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. 2022 Mar 7;11:7. doi: 10.1186/s13619-021-00102-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Illustrations of engineered human brain organoids for probing the effects of breast cancer-derived exosomes on neurodevelopment in brain at early stages. A Illustration of procedures of formation of brain organoids from self-assembly of hiPSCs in vitro. B Procedures of generation of hiPSCs-derived brain organoids on a micropillar chip device. C Methods used to exemplify the effect of tumor cell derived exosomes on the brain organoids