Table 1.
Inflammatory Properties of hormones and their relative levels measured in the periphery.
| Function in lung | Hormone | T2D (vs healthy) | In TB (vs healthy) | TB-T2D (vs TB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-inflammatory | CRH | Low (15) | ||
| ACTH | High (15) | |||
| Cortisol | High (15) | High (3, 16) | ||
| T4 | No change (17) | High (3) | High (18) | |
| Testosterone | Low (19) | Low (3), No change (18) | No change (18) | |
| Estradiol | Low (20) | High (3, 21), No change (18) | High (18) | |
| Adiponectin | Low (22) | No change (16) | Low (23) | |
| GIP | Low (24) | |||
| GLP-1 | Low (24) | |||
| Ghrelin | Low (25) | Low (26), No change (16), High (27) | No change (26) | |
| Glucagon | High (28) | |||
| C-peptide | High (29) | |||
| Pro-inflammatory | TSH | No change (17) | ||
| Lipocalin-2 | Low (22) | |||
| DHEA | Low (30) | Low (3, 16) | High (31), No change (18) | |
| Leptin | High (22) | Low (16, 27), High (26) | Low (26), High (23) | |
| Resistin | High (22) | High (27) | ||
| Insulin | High (32, 33) | |||
| Growth Hormone | Low (33) | High (3, 18) | High (31), No change (18) |
T2D, Type 2 Diabetes; TB, Tuberculosis; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; T4, Thyroxine; GIP, gastric insulinotropic peptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone.