Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Diabetes (n = 224) | No diabetes (n = 487) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male % (n) | 75.0 (168) | 71.5 (348) | 0.325 |
| COPD % (n) | 16.5 (37) | 16.2 (79) | 0.921 |
| ICD recipient % (n) | 8.9 (20) | 7.6 (37) | 0.544 |
| Ischaemic aetiology % (n) | 63.8 (142) | 48.5 (236) | <0.001 |
| CRT recipient % (n) | 21.9 (49) | 19.1 (93) | 0.389 |
| NYHA class % (n) | 0.046 | ||
| I | 10.7% (24) | 17% (83) | |
| II | 56.3% (408) | 57.9% (282) | |
| III | 32.6% (192) | 24.4% (119) | |
| IV | 0.4% 1 | 0.6% 3 | |
| Age (years) | 71.6 (0.7) | 71.6 (0.6) | 0.949 |
| eGFR (mL/kg/min) | 58.7 (1.6) | 63.3 (0.9) | 0.013 |
| LVEF (%) | 32.4 (0.6) | 31.6 (0.5) | 0.439 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 77.3 (1.1) | 76.7 (0.8) | 0.681 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.8 (0.1) | 13.5 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mol/L) | 139.2 (0.2) | 139.8 (0.1) | 0.027 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 42.5 (0.2) | 42.3 (0.2) | 0.474 |
| Index of multiple deprivation | 29.7 (1.4) | 26.2 (0.9) | 0.031 |
| Ramipril dose (mg/day) | 5.4 (0.2) | 4.6 (0.2) | 0.006 |
| Bisoprolol dose (mg/day) | 4.6 (0.2) | 4.2 (0.2) | 0.090 |
| Furosemide dose (mg/day) | 67.3 (3.7) | 40.3 (1.9) | <0.001 |
COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT – cardiac resynchronisation therapy; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICD – Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA – New York Heart Association.