Table 5.
Anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and IgA serum levels in broilers with different encapsulated additives at the end of the experiment
| Group | CON (mean±SE) | GPA (mean±SE) | PRE (mean±SE) | PRO (mean±SE) | SYM (mean±SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-inflammatory | |||||
| L-10 (pg/mL) | 428.0±12.2a | 355.4±13.8ab | 428.5±31.3a | 312.7±14.5b | 384.0±14.8ab |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 77.1±10a | 45.3±6.9b | 68.9±7.9ab | 50.3±4.4b | 67.4±6.1ab |
| Pro-inflammatory | |||||
| TNF-β (nmoles/mg) | 258.3±34.8a | 175.0±27.1a | 261.5±14.6a | 197.2±34.2a | 242.4±30.0a |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 17.6±1.9a | 18.0±0.5a | 14.2±1.4a | 19.6±2.5ab | 29.1±2.5b |
| IgA (ng/mL) | 38.5±4.4a | 27.3±5.4a | 38.2±4.1a | 46.8±9.1a | 39.1±1.7a |
CON, control; GPA, with growth-promoting antibiotic; PRE, with agave fructan capsules; PRO, with Bifidobacterium animalis capsules; SYM, with symbiotic capsules; SE, standard error; IL-10, interleukin 10; IFN-γ, gamma interferon; TNF-β, tumor necrosis factor beta; IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta; IgA, immunoglobulin A; ng, nanogram; Ml, milliliter; pg, picogram; mg, milligram; nmoles, nanomoles.
a,b
Different letters indicate significant differences between groups (p<0.05).