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. 2022 Feb 22;12:798442. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798442

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Copyright © 2022 Gu, Sun, Lin, Zhang, Wei, Wu, Zhang, Pang, Wang, Ding, Liu, Chen, Chen, Lin, Zhang, Chen, Xue and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Occurrence and abundance of ARG types and ARG subtypes in the DWTS bulk water and sand biofilm. (A) Characterization of ARG types and abundance. (B) Boxplots showing the number of detected ARG types in the DWTS bulk water and sand biofilm. (C) Occurrence and fate of the top 20 ARG subtypes in the DWTS bulk water and sand biofilm. (D) Venn diagram of ARGs subtypes in the DWTS bulk water and sand biofilm. A1–A3: raw water; B1–B3: flocculation tank effluent; C1–C3: sedimentation tank effluent; D1–D3: quartz sand; E1–E3: sand filter effluent; F1–F3: chlorine-disinfected water; G1–G3: tap water. Three samples were taken from each sampling site.