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. 2022 Feb 22;12:798442. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798442

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Copyright © 2022 Gu, Sun, Lin, Zhang, Wei, Wu, Zhang, Pang, Wang, Ding, Liu, Chen, Chen, Lin, Zhang, Chen, Xue and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Distribution of ARGs in mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and distribution of MGEs in the DWTS. (A) Occurrence and abundance of ARG types in MGEs. Bar plot showing the frequency of ARGs in bacterial chromosomes (blue) or plasmids (red) summarized by antibiotic class. (B) Distribution of plasmids in bacteria (at the phylum level). (C) Distribution of MGEs in the DWTS. A: raw water; B: grid reaction tank effluent; C: settling pond effluent; D: quartz sand; E: sand filter effluent; F: chlorine-disinfected water; G: tap water.