Table 5.
Kano model analysis results.
| Attribute | M | O | A | I | R | Q | Kano | CS | CD | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before the event | ||||||||||
| B1. Event information | 48.84 | 15.03 | 22.25 | 9.83 | 2.31 | 1.73 | M | 0.39 | −0.67 | −0.28 |
| B2. Online ticketing system | 26.59 | 32.37 | 23.99 | 13.01 | 2.60 | 1.45 | O | 0.59 | −0.61 | −0.03 |
| B3. Hygiene/sanitation information | 34.68 | 9.83 | 23.99 | 28.32 | 2.02 | 1.16 | M | 0.35 | −0.46 | −0.11 |
| B4. Event safety information | 38.73 | 8.38 | 17.63 | 32.37 | 2.31 | 0.58 | M | 0.27 | −0.49 | −0.22 |
| B5. Contact information | 25.43 | 7.80 | 16.18 | 45.95 | 2.89 | 1.73 | I | 0.25 | −0.35 | −0.10 |
| During the event | ||||||||||
| D1. Location | 31.21 | 8.09 | 13.58 | 42.20 | 3.47 | 1.45 | I | 0.23 | −0.41 | −0.19 |
| D2. Parking | 47.11 | 21.39 | 12.14 | 15.61 | 2.60 | 1.16 | M | 0.35 | −0.71 | −0.36 |
| D3. Admission fee | 29.77 | 39.60 | 15.32 | 11.27 | 3.18 | 0.87 | O | 0.57 | −0.72 | −0.15 |
| D4. On-site ticket sales | 29.19 | 39.88 | 11.27 | 15.90 | 2.02 | 1.73 | O | 0.53 | −0.72 | −0.19 |
| D5. Access control system | 28.03 | 37.86 | 12.72 | 16.18 | 3.76 | 1.45 | O | 0.53 | −0.70 | −0.16 |
| D6. Security screening | 12.14 | 12.43 | 17.92 | 53.47 | 2.89 | 1.16 | I | 0.32 | −0.26 | 0.06 |
| D7. Health/safety services | 41.33 | 8.09 | 15.61 | 32.66 | 1.73 | 0.58 | M | 0.24 | −0.42 | −0.17 |
| D8. Information desk | 26.01 | 10.40 | 21.97 | 36.42 | 3.47 | 1.73 | I | 0.34 | −0.38 | −0.04 |
| D9. Way finding | 18.79 | 8.09 | 10.69 | 58.09 | 3.18 | 1.16 | I | 0.20 | −0.28 | −0.08 |
| D10. Security personnel | 36.42 | 9.54 | 19.94 | 31.21 | 2.31 | 0.58 | M | 0.30 | −0.47 | −0.17 |
| D11. Uniqueness | 20.23 | 25.14 | 45.38 | 8.09 | 0.87 | 0.29 | A | 0.71 | −0.46 | 0.25 |
| D12. Entertainment | 31.79 | 28.03 | 25.14 | 13.01 | 0.58 | 1.45 | M | 0.54 | −0.61 | −0.07 |
| D13. Amusement | 16.18 | 22.54 | 47.40 | 11.27 | 1.73 | 0.87 | A | 0.72 | −0.40 | 0.32 |
| D14. Food | 13.87 | 47.98 | 18.21 | 16.47 | 3.18 | 0.29 | O | 0.69 | −0.64 | 0.04 |
| D15. Healthy food options | 9.54 | 11.56 | 52.02 | 19.08 | 6.65 | 1.16 | A | 0.69 | −0.23 | 0.46 |
| D16. Food prices | 21.68 | 46.24 | 17.63 | 9.25 | 4.34 | 0.87 | O | 0.67 | −0.72 | −0.04 |
| D17. Kiosks | 16.47 | 9.25 | 52.60 | 15.90 | 4.34 | 1.45 | A | 0.66 | −0.27 | 0.38 |
| D18. Restrooms | 58.09 | 9.25 | 10.40 | 16.47 | 4.91 | 0.87 | M | 0.21 | −0.71 | −0.51 |
| D19. Handwashing options | 47.40 | 7.23 | 12.43 | 26.59 | 5.20 | 1.16 | M | 0.21 | −0.58 | −0.37 |
| D20. Atmosphere/ambiance | 19.65 | 23.70 | 40.46 | 13.01 | 2.31 | 0.87 | A | 0.66 | −0.45 | 0.21 |
| D21. Fair grounds | 29.77 | 12.14 | 19.36 | 34.10 | 3.18 | 1.45 | I | 0.33 | −0.44 | −0.11 |
| D22. Rest areas | 15.90 | 8.09 | 50.29 | 20.52 | 2.89 | 2.31 | A | 0.62 | −0.25 | 0.36 |
| D23. Design | 28.32 | 8.38 | 32.37 | 27.75 | 2.31 | 0.87 | A | 0.42 | −0.37 | 0.05 |
| D24. Signage | 20.81 | 45.95 | 8.96 | 21.68 | 2.02 | 0.58 | O | 0.56 | −0.68 | −0.12 |
| D25. Crowd control | 26.88 | 8.67 | 17.05 | 41.04 | 3.76 | 2.60 | I | 0.27 | −0.38 | −0.10 |
| D26. Organization | 22.54 | 39.02 | 21.39 | 12.72 | 2.89 | 1.45 | O | 0.63 | −0.64 | −0.01 |
| D27. Event implementation | 35.26 | 36.13 | 10.40 | 16.47 | 1.45 | 0.29 | O | 0.47 | −0.73 | −0.25 |
| D28. Event staff | 48.55 | 11.56 | 29.48 | 8.09 | 1.73 | 0.58 | M | 0.42 | −0.62 | −0.20 |
| D29. Security | 41.62 | 11.85 | 15.03 | 27.17 | 2.89 | 1.45 | M | 0.28 | −0.56 | −0.28 |
| D30. First aid/EMT | 30.92 | 8.09 | 19.08 | 38.73 | 2.60 | 0.58 | I | 0.28 | −0.40 | −0.12 |
| D31. Hydration stations | 28.32 | 11.27 | 34.68 | 21.68 | 3.18 | 0.87 | A | 0.48 | −0.41 | 0.07 |
| D32. Facility maintenance | 29.77 | 8.09 | 21.39 | 35.26 | 4.05 | 1.45 | I | 0.31 | −0.40 | −0.09 |
| D33. Cleaning/disinfection | 35.55 | 4.62 | 24.57 | 30.92 | 3.18 | 1.16 | M | 0.31 | −0.42 | −0.11 |
| D34. Physical distancing | 30.64 | 7.80 | 18.50 | 39.60 | 2.60 | 0.87 | I | 0.27 | −0.40 | −0.13 |
| D35. Daily event information | 28.03 | 8.96 | 17.63 | 43.06 | 2.02 | 0.29 | I | 0.27 | −0.38 | −0.11 |
| D36. Waste management | 26.59 | 44.80 | 13.58 | 9.54 | 3.76 | 1.73 | O | 0.62 | −0.76 | −0.14 |
| D37. Safety | 58.67 | 7.23 | 19.08 | 12.14 | 2.31 | 0.58 | M | 0.27 | −0.68 | −0.41 |
| After the event | ||||||||||
| A1. Multiple exits | 8.67 | 14.16 | 27.17 | 45.66 | 3.47 | 0.87 | I | 0.43 | −0.24 | 0.19 |
| A2. Safe controlled crowd | 34.39 | 8.09 | 23.41 | 29.19 | 3.76 | 1.16 | M | 0.33 | −0.45 | −0.12 |
| A3. Security personnel | 38.73 | 9.54 | 16.18 | 30.06 | 4.05 | 1.45 | M | 0.27 | −0.51 | −0.24 |
| A4. Well-lit parking lot | 36.43 | 11.27 | 22.54 | 26.88 | 2.60 | 0.29 | M | 0.34 | −0.49 | −0.14 |
| A5. Shuttle service | 13.01 | 9.25 | 52.60 | 20.52 | 2.89 | 1.73 | A | 0.64 | −0.23 | 0.41 |
| A6. Updated information | 29.19 | 3.18 | 23.12 | 43.06 | 0.87 | 0.58 | I | 0.27 | −0.33 | −0.06 |
Proportions of respondents who fall into each category are shown in the table: M = Must-be, O=One-dimensional, A = Attractive, I=Indifferent, R = Reverse, Q = Questionable results.