Table 3.
Characteristics of population, symptoms leading to polysomnography, tumor location, and findings after polysomnography.
| Author | Number of participants | Population | Tumor location | Symptoms | Findings after PSG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fagioli et al. (1991) | 19 (18) | Mix of CNS tumors | Cerebellum/4th ventricle (n = 18), | NA | Shorter sleeping time and more awakenings compared to controls. |
| Johnson et al. (2020) | 12 | Mix of CNS tumors | NA | NA | High risk of sleep wake cycle disorder in early survivorship (9-72 months post treatment). Morning melatonin and biomarker correlates with fatigue 7 clinical sleep disorders, 2 hypersomnia, 1 narcoplepsy. |
| Khan et al. (2017) | 39 | Mix of CNS tumors | Cortical (n = 4), midline (n = 26), paramedian (n = 4), posterior fossa (n = 5) | Hypersomnia | 13 hypersomnia and 26 narcoplepsy without cataplexy. 11/39 abnormal PSG. 37 patients received treatment. |
| Mandrell et al. (2012) | 31 | Mix of CNS tumors | Fossa posterior/4th ventricle (n = 4+4), sellar/parasellar/hypothalamic (n = 17), optic nerve (n = 2), pineal gland (n = 1), spinal (n = 1), thalamus (n = 1), brainstem (n = 1) | Excessive daytime sleeping, fatigue, snoring, irregular breathing during sleep | 14 obstructive sleep apnea, 4 central sleep apnea, 4 hypersomnia, 3 narcolepsy without cataplexy. |
| Pickering et al. (2021) | 61 (59) | Mix of CNS tumors | Thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain (n = 25), fossa posterior (n = 16), brain stem (n = 5), ventricles (n = 3), pineal gland (n = 2), optic nerve (n = 2), other (n = 9) | Sleep disordered breathing, emotional problems, fatigue | 51/59 sleep apnea (obstructive, n=29, central, n=5, mixed, n=7), 5/59 narcolepsy, 2/59 NREM parasomnia, 1/59 REM sleep parasomnia. |
| Pilotto et al. (2019) | 16 | Mix of CNS tumors | Sub tentorial tumor (n = 8) | NA | Increased central apnea index with cerebellum localization. |
| Rosen and Brand (2011) | 48 | Mix of CNS tumors | Hypothalamus/brainstem (n = 35), posterior fossa (n = 7), cortex (n = 6) | Sleepiness, fatigue, respiratory insufficiency, snoring | 9/14 excessive daytime sleepiness, 5 of them with positive PSG of narcolepsy. |
| Crowley et al. (2011) | 7 (28) | Craniopharyngioma | Suprasellar/Hypothalamic | Somnolence | 11/28 obstructive sleep apnea. Somnolence can be due to obstructive sleep apnea in patients with craniopharyngioma. |
| Manley et al. (2012) | 9 (7) | Craniopharyngioma | Suprasellar/Hypothalamic | Day time fatigue, sleep dysfunction | 3 obstructive or central sleep apnea, arousal index 11.0, 3 restless legs syndrome. Sleep dysfunction is multifactorial, PSG should be performed more often. |
| Müller et al. (2006) | 10 | Craniopharyngioma | Suprasellar/Hypothalamic | Obesity, increased daytime sleepiness | 2 sleep related breathing disorder, 4 repeated episodes of SOREM (sleep onset rapid eye movement), 3 hypersomnia, 9 were acutely obese. |
| O'Gorman et al. (2010) | 15 | Craniopharyngioma | Suprasellar/Hypothalamic | NA | Obstructive hypopnea apnea index was increased in patients with craniopharyngioma. Sleep disordered breathing is more frequent in patients with craniopharyngioma and obesity compared with BMI matched controls. |