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Immune microenvironment of keloid fibroblasts [52,54-56]. α-SMA, alpha smooth muscle actin; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta; EGF, epidermal growth factor; PDGF, platelet derived growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; TIMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1.
