TABLE 1.

Nanonization of the major component of five different medicinal plants by different established methods of nanonization and their antibacterial potential on different bacteria.

Major component of plant	Method of nanonization	Nanoformulation	Antibacterial action on	References
Eugenol	Ionic gelation and Schiff base reaction Solvent evaporation technique Ethosome Solid-lipid NPs	Eugenol-grafted chitosan NPs Eugenol-loaded PLGA NPs Eugenol-loaded Zein NPs Eugenol-entrapped ethosome NPs Eugenol/ofloxacin Solid-lipid NPs	S. typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, A. hydrophila, E. tarda, S. iniae, P. aeruginosa	Chen et al., 2009; Gomes et al., 2011; Rathinam et al., 2017; Jin et al., 2019; Lou et al., 2019; Rodenak-Kladniew et al., 2019; Luis et al., 2020
Curcumin	Wet milling Solvent dispersion Phytoreduction and anti-solvent precipitation Oil-in-water emulsion Sol–gel method	Curcumin NPs CSD AgNPs and curcumin NPs Curcumin microemulsion Curcumin NPs	E. coli, P. aeruginosa S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa	Church et al., 2006; Kaur et al., 2010; Bhawana et al., 2011; Loo et al., 2014; Sun et al., 2014; Krausz et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2015; Yun and Lee, 2016; Adahoun et al., 2017; Li et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019
Anthraquinone	Dropping method	AQ-CS-PLA	P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris, E. coli	Dhanapal et al., 2014
Carvacrol	Solvent displacement Simple mixing Microemulsion	Carvacrol-loaded PLGA NPs Fabricated ovalbumin/carvacrol NPs Carvacrol-loaded solid-lipid nanodispersion	S. epidermidis, S. sp. B. cereus E. coli O157:H7 P. aeruginosa S. aureus	Iannitelli et al., 2011; He et al., 2019; Mir et al., 2020; Rao et al., 2020
Eucalyptus oil	Sonication cavitation Impregnated nanoemulsion Nanoemulsion	Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion Eugenol-impregnated chitosan nanoemulsion Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion	L. monocytogenes S. aureus E. coli B. cereus	Sugumar et al., 2014; Chandrasekaran, 2015; Lopez-Romero et al., 2015; Quatrin et al., 2017