Fig. 5.

Schematic representation of UBIAD1-mediated CoQ10 protection against lipid peroxidation in melanoma cells.

(A) Proposed mechanism of UBIAD1- and NQO1-mediated protection against lipid peroxidation in the normal situation (on the left): non-mitochondrial CoQ10 is synthesized by UBIAD1 in Golgi and transported to plasma membrane, where it is reduced by NQO1 to protect against lipid peroxidation (the scheme is designed using Biorender.com). In UBIAD1^KD and NQO1^KD cells (on the right) loss of reduced plasma membrane CoQ10 leads to lipid peroxidation, increased ROS levels and apoptotic cell death.