Table 3.

Plasma metabolites determined in placebo- and CDRE-treated participants.

Metabolite	AUC (nM.5 h)			Cmax (nM)	Tmax (h)
	Placebo	CDRE	Change	Change
5-hydroxybenzoic acid-3-sulfate	3.5	31.0	27.5e	15.0e	0.5
4-methoxybenzoic acid-3-glucuronide	10.3	97.5	87.2e	37.8e	0.5
4-methoxybenzoic acid-3-sulfate	6.0	21.0	15.0e	8.0e	2.0
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid	38.7	157.8	119.1e	84.1e	1.0
4-hydroxyhippuric acid	90.6	124.0	33.5a	40.3e	1.0
4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid	5.3	9.8	4.5c	3.4e	0.5
3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid	19.7	27.8	8.1a	6.3e	0.5
3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid	8.8	16.3	7.5c	4.1e	0.5
3-methoxybenzoic acid-4-sulfate	8.6	18.2	9.6b	−7.0	0.5
Hydroxybenzoic acid-sulfatea	1.3	1.5	0.2	8.6d	2.0
Methoxycinnamic acid-glucuronidea	17.5	27.4	9.9	8.7a	0.5
Hydroxyhippuric acida	35.7	34.5	−1.2	5.4c	0.5
Dihydroxybenzoic acid-sulfatea	2.5	14.0	11.6d	4.9b	2.0
Malvidin glucuronide	48.3	85.4	37.1	0.1	0.5

The shown compounds are those satisfying treatment (p ≤ 0.04), time (p ≤ 0.02), and time-by-treatment interaction (p ≤ 0.0001) effects that were subject to secondary ANOVA for AUC, Cmax and tmax. Significances for changes relative to the placebo are: ^ap ≤ 0.05, ^bp ≤ 0.01, ^cp ≤ 0.005, ^dp ≤ 0.001, and ^ep ≤ 0.0001.

^aIsomer of indeterminate structural orientation or hydroxyl, methoxyl, sulfate or glucuronide conjugating site.