Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies (N=17).
| Study; country | Name of intervention | Intervention, N; control, N | Age of sample (years), intervention, mean (SD); control, mean (SD) | Gestational age (weeks)a, intervention, mean (SD); control, mean (SD) | Type of control group | Type of eHealth | Type of intervention | Outcome |
| Cain et al [61]; United States | Go To Sleep! internet-based CBT-Ib | 27; 26 | 28.5 (5.8); 29.8 (5.3) | 19.6 (3.6); 22.8 (2.6) | Waitlist condition | Internet | CBT | Insomnia |
| Felder et al [57]; United States | Sleepio: Big Health; digital CBT-I | 105; 103 | 33.9 (3.38); 33.2 (4) | 17.1 (6.4); 18.1 (6.3) | Psychoeducation | Internet | CBT | Insomnia |
| Kalmbach et al [60]; United States | Sleepio: Big Health; digital CBT-I | 46; 45 | 28.91 (4.21); 29.16 (4.11) | N/Ac | Psychoeducation | Internet | CBT | Insomnia |
| Heller et al [52]; Netherlands; | MamaKits Onling: internet-based intervention | 79; 80 | 32.08 (4.61); 31.94 (4.83) | <30; <30 | TAUd | Internet | Psychoeducation | Anxiety and depression |
| Chan et al [62]; China | iParent app | 330; 330 | 31.3 (4.6); 31.2 (4.5) | N/A | TAU | Mobile app | Psychoeducation | Anxiety and depression |
| Duffecy et al [56]; United States | Sunnyside Cognitive Behavioral Therapy e-Intervention | 17; 6 | 30.5 (4.05; total sample) | 20-28 | eHealth intervention of reduced intensity | Internet | CBT | Depression |
| Haga et al [55]; Norway | Mamma Mia: web-based program | 678; 664 | 31.0 (4.6); 31.1 (4.5) | 21-25 | TAU | Internet | Psychoeducation | Depression |
| Yang et al [63]; China | WeChat (mobile) Messages: mobile app | 62; 61 | 31.31 (4.87); 30.38 (3.91) | 25.52 (1.84); 26.33 (3.45) | TAU | Mobile app | Mindfulness | Anxiety and depression |
| Krusche et al [53]; United Kingdom | Be Mindful: website | 107; 78 | 32.7 (mode=34; total sample) | >12 | Waitlist condition | Internet | Mindfulness | Anxiety and depression |
| Loughnan et al [54]; Australia | MUMentum Pregnancy program: internet-delivered CBT | 36; 41 | 31.69 (4.44); 31.54 (3.63) | 20.54 (6.01); 22.63 (5.76) | TAU | Internet | CBT | Anxiety and depression |
| Dennis-Tiwary et al [58]; United States | ABMTe | 15; 14 | 34.67 (4.39); 31.14 (6.16) | 22.44 (2.43); 20-28 | Placebo condition | Mobile app | ABMT | Anxiety and depression |
| Sun et al [64]; China | WeChat (mobile) Messages; mobile app | 84; 84 | 30.27 (3.80); 29.55 (4.21) | 13.82 (2.0); 14.41 (2.2) | eHealth intervention of reduced intensity | Mobile app | Spirits Healing app and mindfulness | Anxiety and depression |
| Forsell et al [65]; Sweden | Internet-delivered CBT | 22; 20 | 31.2 (3.7); 30.8 (5.3) | 15.9 (6.5); 18.6 (6.5) | TAU | Internet | CBT | Depression |
| Scherer et al [51]; Switzerland | Internet-based cognitive behavioral stress management; internet | 31; 27 | 32.90 (3.49); 31.11 (3.50) | 28.32 (2.96); 29.11 (2.47) | Placebo condition | Internet | CBT | Anxiety |
| Barrera et al [59]; United States | Internet-based mood management intervention | 57; 54 | 29.81 (6.09); 30.59 (4.99) | 20.51 (10.37); 19.42 (10.42) | eHealth intervention of reduced intensity | Internet | Psychoeducation | Depression |
| Hanprasertpong et al [66]; Thailand | Computer-assisted instruction | 157; 164 | 37.8 (2.31); 37.5 (2.62) | 16-20; 16-20 | Paper version of the intervention | Computer or internet | General education | Anxiety |
| Jareethum et al [67]; Thailand | SMS text messaging intervention | 32; 29 | 28.72 (4.9); 25.97 (6.1) | <28; <28; | TAU | SMS text message | General education | Anxiety |
aThe deviation from mean (SD) format in few studies is owing to unavailability of data.
bCBT-I: cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.
cN/A: not applicable.
dTAU: treatment as usual.
eABMT: attention bias modification training.