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. 2022 Feb 17;10:839062. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.839062

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Copyright © 2022 Yan, Li, Wu, Zhang, Hu, Deng, Jiang, Wen and Jiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Materials characterization. (A) SEM images of the surface microstructure of pure TiO₂ and Zn and/or Sr-doped TiO₂ samples after PEO treatment. (B) XRD spectra of the samples. (C) EDS mapping of the major elements in the coatings of the samples. (D) XPS spectra of Zn2p_3/2. (E) SEM images showing the cross section of the samples. (F) ICP-MS determination of Ca, P, Sr, and Zn ions released from samples after 1, 4, 7, and 14 days.