Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy With a Baseline Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow.
| Variable | No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Completed baseline scan | Completed follow-up scan | |||
| Intensive (n = 286) | Standard (n = 261) | Intensive (n = 168) | Standard (n = 147) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 67.9 (7.9) | 67.1 (8.4) | 68.2 (7.6) | 66.6 (7.7) |
| Age ≥75 y | 70 (24.5) | 58 (22.2) | 39 (23.2) | 27 (18.4) |
| Female | 119 (41.6) | 100 (38.3) | 69 (41.1) | 52 (35.4) |
| Male | 167 (58.4) | 161 (61.7) | 99 (58.9) | 95 (64.6) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Black | 93 (32.5) | 83 (31.8) | 49 (29.2) | 44 (29.9) |
| Hispanic | 14 (4.9) | 21 (8.0) | 9 (5.4) | 13 (8.8) |
| White | 174 (60.8) | 152 (58.2) | 108 (64.3) | 86 (58.5) |
| Other | 5 (1.7) | 5 (1.9) | 2 (1.2) | 4 (2.7) |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 41 (14.3) | 42 (16.1) | 18 (12.2) | 19 (11.3) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 138.0 (17.9) | 137.8 (15.2) | 136.0 (17.9) | 138.2 (15.5) |
| Tertile | ||||
| ≤129 | 107 (37.4) | 79 (30.3) | 65 (38.7) | 44 (29.9) |
| >129 to <143 | 82 (28.7) | 91 (34.9) | 53 (31.5) | 55 (37.4) |
| ≥143 | 97 (33.9) | 91 (34.9) | 50 (29.8) | 48 (32.7) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 76.9 (11.0) | 78.1 (11.6) | 76.1 (11.2) | 78.7 (11.4) |
| Orthostatic hypotension | 24 (8.4) | 11 (4.2) | 17 (10.1) | 8 (5.4) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2a | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 72.2 (19.7) | 73.8 (19.9) | 71.5 (18.6) | 74.9 (19.5) |
| <60a | 78 (27.4) | 71 (27.3) | 49 (29.2) | 36 (24.5) |
| PHQ-9 score ≥10b | 18 (6.3) | 17 (6.5) | 8 (4.8) | 8 (5.4) |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment, median (IQR)c | 24 (21-26) | 24 (22-27) | 24 (21-27) | 25 (22-27) |
| Frailty statusd | ||||
| Fit (score ≤0.10) | 56 (19.6) | 47 (18.0) | 38 (22.6) | 29 (19.7) |
| Prefrail (0.10< score ≤0.21) | 147 (51.4) | 145 (55.6) | 87 (51.8) | 86 (58.5) |
| Frail (score >0.21) | 83 (29.0) | 69 (26.4) | 43 (25.6) | 32 (21.8) |
| Intracranial volume, mean (SD), cm3 | 1371.8 (149.6) | 1384.9 (145.2) | 1375.0 (141.9) | 1393.6 (149.4) |
| Total brain volume, mean (SD), cm3 | 1124.5 (114.0) | 1133.4 (115.7) | 1128.2 (110.7) | 1141.4 (115.4) |
| WML volume, median (IQR), cm3 | 3.0 (1.5 to 6.2) | 3.2 (1.6 to 6.0) | 2.7 (1.4 to 5.9) | 3.0 (1.6 to 6.1) |
| CBF, mean (SD), mL/100 g/min | ||||
| WB | 38.6 (10.8) | 37.5 (9.3) | 39.0 (9.8) | 37.6 (9.2) |
| GM | 50.2 (13.3) | 48.5 (11.4) | 50.4 (12.1) | 48.7 (11.1) |
| WM | 19.9 (7.2) | 19.4 (6.4) | 20.5 (6.6) | 19.4 (6.3) |
| Periventricular WM | 15.9 (6.6) | 15.5 (5.9) | 16.6 (6.1) | 15.5 (5.7) |
Abbreviations: CBF, cerebral blood flow; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GM, gray matter; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression scale; WB, whole brain; WM, white matter; WML, white matter lesion.
a
eGFR is based on the Chronic Kidney Disease–Epidemiology study equation.
b
Scores range from 0 to 27. Higher scores denote greater severity of depressive symptoms, with ≥10 indicating moderate to severe depressive symptoms.
c
Scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores denoting better cognitive function.
d
Scores range from 0 to 1, with higher scores indicating a higher likelihood of frailty.