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. 2022 Mar 8;12:4080. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08066-7

Figure 1.

Figure 1

IFN-β administration is detrimental for survival in lethal IAV infection in nonsmoking (NS) mice. (A) IFN-β administration induced robust innate immune responses in mouse lung. C57BL/6 mice were administrated with IFN-β (2000 U) intranasally in a total volume of 50 μl in 0.1%BSA/PBS. After 6 h, mouse lungs were collected. mRNA levels were assessed by qRT-PCR and normalized to β-actin. Bar graph represents mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). (B) Schematic of the experimental plan on early or late IFN-β administration and IAV infection to NS mice. Mortality (C) and body weights (D) during lethal IAV infection in IFN-β administrated NS mice. The mice treated with IFN-β (2000 U) intranasally either early (at 1 day before and 1 day after IAV infection) or late (at day 3 and 4 after IAV infection) in a total volume of 50 μl in 0.1%BSA/PBS. The mice were intranasally inoculated with IAV at 1000 PFU/mouse. Mortality and body weights were monitored daily. Body weight data were normalized to each mouse’s starting body weight. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 10 for all groups). # denotes significant survival rate difference between the NS and NS-Late IFN groups, p < 0.05. *Denotes significant weight loss difference between the NS and NS-Late IFN groups, p < 0.05.