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. 2022 Mar 8;12:4080. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08066-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine protein levels in BALF from mice. CS exposure, early or late IFN-β administration and IAV infection are the same as Fig. 2A. Mice were infected with 500 PFU of IAV. BALF were harvested at day 5 post infection. Mock treated mice were inoculated with PBS. Antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine protein levels were determined by multiplex immunoassay. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n ≥ 4 per group). * denotes significant difference between the two groups, p < 0.05.