Table 2.
Cross-tabulation of prevalence of risk of exercise addiction with sample characteristics
| Variables | Not at risk of Exercise Addiction 'n (%)' | At risk of Exercise Addiction ' n (%)' | Total n (%) |
(Chi square) χ2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 302 (89.6%) | 47 (92.2%) | 349 (89.9%) | .32 | .57 |
| Female | 35 (10.4%) | 4 (7.8%) | 39 (10.1%) | ||
| Region of current residence | |||||
| Eastern | 44 (13.1%) | 6 (11.8%) | 50 (12.9%) | ||
| Western | 78 (23.1%) | 10 (19.6%) | 88 (22.7%) | ||
| Central | 83 (24.6%) | 20 (39.2%) | 103 (26.5%) | 9.10 |
.50 (Fisher Exact) |
| Southern | 126 (37.4%) | 12 (23.5%) | 138 (35.6%) | ||
| Northern | 6 (1.8%) | 3 (5.9%) | 9 (2.3%) | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Unmarried | 174 (51.6%) | 22 (43.1%) | 196 (50.5%) | ||
| Married | 153 (45.4%) | 2 (3.9%) | 155 (39.9%) | 64.98 |
p < .001 (Fisher Exact) |
| Divorced | 10 (3.0%) | 27 (52.9%) | 37 (9.5%) | ||
| Living status | |||||
| Living with family or friends | 250 (74.2%) | 12 (23.5%) | 262 (67.5%) | 51.83 | p < .001 |
| Living alone | 87 (25.8%) | 39 (76.5%) | 126 (32.5%) | ||
| Age group (in years) | |||||
| 20–29 | 168 (49.9%) | 37 (72.5%) | 205 (52.8%) | 8.88 | .009 |
| 30–39 | 150 (44.5%) | 13 (25.5%) | 163 (42.0%) |
( p < .01) (Fisher Exact) |
|
| 40–49 | 19 (5.6%) | 1 (2.0%) | 20 (5.2%) | ||
| Monthly income (in SAR) | |||||
| < 5000 | 73 (21.7%) | 1 (2.0%) | 74 (19.1%) | 125.79 | |
| 5,001–10,000 | 206 (61.1%) | 4 (7.8%) | 210 (54.1%) |
p < .001 (Fisher Exact) |
|
| 10,001–15,000 | 38 (11.3%) | 23 (45.1%) | 61 (15.7%) | ||
| > 15,000 | 20 (5.9%) | 23 (45.1%) | 43 (11.1%) | ||
| Before the pandemic | |||||
| Exercise frequency (days/week) | |||||
| 3 | 221 (65.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 221 (57.0%) | 117.18 | |
| 4 | 109 (32.3%) | 14 (27.5%) | 123 (31.7%) | ||
| 5 | 4 (1.2%) | 5 (9.8%) | 9 (2.3%) |
p < .001 (Fisher Exact) |
|
| 6 | 2 (0.6%) | 23 (45.1%) | 25 (6.4%) | ||
| 7 | 1 (0.3%) | 9 (17.6%) | 10 (2.6%) | ||
| Exercise duration (minutes/day) | |||||
| 30 | 19 (5.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (4.9%) | 94.81 | |
| 45 | 42 (12.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 42 (10.8%) | ||
| 60 | 198 (58.8%) | 6 (11.8%) | 204 (52.6%) | ||
| 90 | 64 (19.0%) | 22 (43.1%) | 86 (22.2%) |
p < .001 (Fisher Exact) |
|
| 120 | 14 (4.2%) | 23 (45.1%) | 37 (9.5%) | ||
| Exercise type | |||||
| Walking & cycling | 96 (28.5%) | 2 (3.9%) | 98 (25.3%) | 85.26 | |
| Walking, running & cycling | 47 (13.9%) | 2 (3.9%) | 49 (12.6%) | ||
| Walking, running, cycling &cardio | 72 (21.4%) | 1 (2.0%) | 73 (18.8%) |
p < .001 (Fisher Exact) |
|
| Cardio &swimming | 17 (5.0%) | 2 (3.9%) | 19 (4.9%) | ||
| Swimming | 43 (12.8%) | 1 (2.0%) | 44 (11.3%) | ||
| Cardio & weight training | 62 (18.4%) | 43 (84.3%) | 105 (27.1%) | ||
| Importance of Body Image | |||||
| Not that important | 78 (23.1%) | 2 (3.9%) | 80 (20.6%) | 90.43 | |
| Important | 180 (53.4%) | 3 (5.9%) | 183 (47.2%) |
p < .001 (Fisher Exact) |
|
| Very important | 79 (23.4%) | 46 (90.2%) | 125 (32.2%) | ||
| Weekly volume of exercise | |||||
| < 180 min/week | 183 (54.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 183 (47.2%) | 52.42 |
p < .001 (Fisher Exact) |
| > 180 min/week | 154 (45.7%) | 51 (100.0%) | 205 (52.8%) | ||
| During the ongoing pandemic | |||||
| Exercise frequency (days/week) | |||||
| 3 | 274 (81.3%) | 5 (9.8%) | 279 (71.9%) | 144.95 | |
| 4 | 36 (10.7%) | 1 (2.0%) | 37 (9.5%) |
p < .001 (Fisher Exact) |
|
| 5 | 27 (8.0%) | 45 (88.2%) | 72 (18.6%) | ||
| Exercise duration (minutes/day) | |||||
| 30 | 317 (94.1%) | 8 (15.7%) | 325 (83.8%) | 194.41 | |
| 45 | 17 (5.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 18 (4.6%) |
p < .001 (Fisher Exact) |
|
| 60 | 3 (0.9%) | 42 (82.4%) | 45 (11.6%) | ||
| Exercise type | |||||
| Walking | 189 (56.1%) | 8 (15.7%) | 197 (50.8%) | 171.82 | |
| Jogging/running | 102 (30.3%) | 5 (9.8%) | 107 (27.6%) | ||
| Cycling | 46 (13.6%) | 2 (3.9%) | 48 (12.4%) |
p < .001 (Fisher Exact) |
|
| Cardio | 0 (0.0%) | 36 (70.6%) | 36 (9.3%) | ||
| Weekly volume of exercise | |||||
| < 180 min/week | 318 (94.4%) | 3 (5.9%) | 321 (82.7%) | 243.74 | p < .001 |
| > 180 min/week | 19 (5.6%) | 48 (94.1%) | 67 (17.3%) | ||
| Prevalence of risk of exercise addiction and prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 Scale) | |||||
| No/Mild depression | 282 (83.7%) | 12 (23.5%) | 294 (75.8%) | 87.30 | p < .001 |
| Moderate/Moderately Severe Depression | 55 (16.3%) | 39 (76.5%) | 94 (24.2%) | ||
| Prevalence of risk of exercise addiction and prevalence of loneliness (UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale) | |||||
| Not lonely | 251 (74.5%) | 15 (29.4%) | 266 (68.6%) | 41.74 | p < .001 |
| Lonely | 86(25.5%) | 36 (70.6%) | 122 (31.4%) | ||
| Prevalence of risk of exercise addiction and prevalence of generalized anxiety (GAD-2 Scale) | |||||
| No anxiety | 241 (71.5%) | 20 (39.2%) | 261 (67.3%) | 20.99 | p < .001 |
| Anxiety | 96 (28.5%) | 31 (60.8%) | 127 (32.7%) | ||