Table 2.
Summary of HA therapeutic approaches
| Name | Type of compound | IC50 | Source | Tested on | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heparin | Non-competitive inhibitor of Hyal | 1.14 μg/ml | Porcine intestine | Mammalian testicular Hyal in vitro (Flow Injection Assay) | Toida et al., 1999 |
| O-sulfonated HA | Competitive and non-competitive inhibitor of Hyal | 0.78 μg/ml | HA from Streptococcus zooepidemicus | ||
| L-ascorbic acid 6-hexadecanoate (Vcpal) | Synthetic Hyal inhibitor | 4 and 56 μM | Synthetic | Streptococcal and bovine testicular hy- aluronidase in vitro (turbidimetric assay) | Botzki et al., 2004 |
| Clinopodic acid C | Phenylpropanoid SM Hyal inhibitor | 80.1 μM | Lycopus lucidus | Bovine testicular hy- aluronidase in vitro | Murata et al., 2010 |
| Rashomonic acid D | 183 μM | Meehania urticifolia | Murata et al., 2011 | ||
| Acacenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside | 267 μM | Keiskea japonica | Murata et al., 2012 | ||
| Rosmarinic acid | SM Hyal inhibitor | 0.2 mM | Melissa officinalis | Bovine testicular hyaluronidase in vitro | Ippoushi et al., 2000 |
| Esculeoside A | Spirosolane-type glycoside SM competitive Hyal inhibitor | 6.5 μM | Lycopersicon esculentum | Bovine testicular hyaluronidase in vitro | Zhou et al., 2018 |
| Hyaluromycin | Rubromycin family SM Hyal inhibitor | 14 μM | Streptomyces species | Bovine testicular hyaluronidase in vitro (turbidimetric assay) | Harunari et al., 2014 |
| HA oligomers | Oligosaccharides (10 monosaccharide units) | N/A | In vitro synthesis using recombinant Pasteurella multocida hyaluronan synthase; Hyalose | Rabbit model of intraventricular hemorrhage | Vinukonda et al., 2016 |
| HA polymer | HA hydrogel (360kDa) | N/A | Lifecore Biomedical | Organotypic spinal cord slice preparations | Schizas et al., 2014 |
| Chitosan-hyaluronan nanoparticles | HA sodium salt (MW>1x106) | N/A | Aladdin | Viability of SH-SY5Y cells | Jiang et al., 2018 |
| HA | N/A | Sigma | Human induced pluripotent cell (h-iPSCc) spheroids | Bejoy et al., 2018 |