Table 1.

List of non-model mammals and their mechanisms and lifestyles associated with longevity and diseases.

Age-associated disease	Species	Mechanisms	Lifestyle and ecological adaptation
Cancer	Naked mole rat	High-molecular-mass Hyaluronan (HMM-HA); Early contact inhibition; unique INK4 locus; epigenome stability	Subterranean burrows; hypoxia; protected environment
	Blind mole rat	Interferon mediated concerted cell death	Subterranean; burrows; hypoxia; protected environment
	Elephant	Multiple p53 and LIF copies	Large size; lack of non-human predators
	Whale	Whale specific mutations in DNA repair genes	Large size; Lack of non-human predators; deep water diving; cold
Cardiovascular disease	Bear	Protection and trophic effects by gene expression	Hibernation (responsive) with low metabolic rate
	Ground squirrel	Gene mutation and expression; Protection from metabolic stresses and hypothermic arrhythmia	Hibernation (nonresponsive; periodic) with low metabolic rate
	Whale	Genes protecting from hypoxia	Deep water diving; cold
	Giraffe	Strong arterial pressure and resistance; Regulation of CBF	Tallest animal
Neurodegenerative disease	Degu	AD-related genes more similar to humans	Social organization
Inflammatory diseases	Bat	Tolerance to viruses; reduced inflammation	Flight; crowded lifestyle
	Pangolin	Tolerance to viruses; reduced inflammation	Defensive scale armor
	Naked mole rat	Resistance to osteoarthritis, possibly through HMM-HA	Longevity
Counteracting hallmarks of aging	Beaver	Enhanced genome stability: High SIRT6-dependent DNA repair	Long-lived; large-sized rodent; semi-aquatic
	Naked mole rat	Enhanced proteostasis: Higher translation fidelity	Longevity
	Spiny mice	Enhanced regeneration: Blastema formation; Dampened immunity	Skin autotomy and regeneration