Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Community-Dwelling Persons With Dementia, Persons With Parkinson Disease, and Older Adults During the Historical and COVID-19 Pandemic Periods in Ontario, Canadaa.
| Characteristic | Dementia | Parkinson disease | Older adultsb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| No. | 133 142 | 131 466 | 30 052 | 30 606 | 2 245 915 | 2 363 742 |
| Age, y | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 80.1 (10.1) | 80.1 (10.1) | 73.6 (10.3) | 73.7 (10.2) | 73.8 (7.1) | 74.0 (7.1) |
| Median (IQR) | 82 (74-87) | 82 (74-87) | 74 (67-81) | 74 (67-81) | 72 (68-78) | 72 (68-78) |
| Age groups, No. (%) | ||||||
| 40-64 y | 10 938 (8.2) | 10 717 (8.2) | 5564 (18.5) | 5545 (18.1) | NA | NA |
| 65-74 y | 22 801 (17.1) | 22 772 (17.3) | 9689 (32.2) | 9849 (32.2) | 1 370 378 (61.0) | 1 430 108 (60.5) |
| 75-84 y | 49 609 (37.3) | 48 065 (37.3) | 10 455 (34.8) | 10 822 (35.4) | 656 921 (29.2) | 695 647 (29.4) |
| ≥85 y | 49 794 (37.4) | 48 912 (37.2) | 4344 (14.5) | 4390 (14.3) | 218 616 (9.7) | 237 987 (10.1) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 76 428 (57.4) | 75 538 (57.5) | 12 297 (40.9) | 12 593 (41.1) | 1 207 166 (53.7) | 1 271 551(53.8) |
| Male | 56 714 (42.6) | 55 928 (42.5) | 17 755 (59.1) | 18 013 (58.9) | 1 038 749 (46.3) | 1 092 191(46.2) |
| Rural | 12 049 (9.3) | 12 088 (9.2) | 3148 (10.5) | 3197 (10.4) | 287 354 (12.8) | 302 649 (12.8) |
| Income quintile, No. (%) | ||||||
| 1 (Lowest) | 30 858 (23.2) | 29 937 (22.8) | 5902 (19.6) | 5920 (19.3) | 433 922 (19.3) | 452 636 (19.1) |
| 2 | 28 905 (21.7) | 28 482 (21.7) | 6045 (20.1) | 6185 (20.2) | 463 900 (20.7) | 485 801 (20.6) |
| 3 | 25 714 (19.3) | 25 363 (19.3) | 5976 (19.9) | 6030 (19.7) | 450 174 (20.0) | 474 224 (20.1) |
| 4 | 23 329 (17.5) | 23 246 (17.7) | 5707 (19.0) | 5828 (19.0) | 430 892 (19.2) | 456 427 (19.3) |
| 5 (Highest) | 23 603 (17.7) | 23 714 (18.0) | 6319 (21.0) | 6539 (21.4) | 461 369 (20.5) | 488 684 (20.7) |
| Disease duration, y, mean (SD) | 4.2 (4.2) | 4.5 (4.3) | 6.1 (5.5) | 6.3 (5.6) | NA | NA |
| No. of chronic conditionsc | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.0 (2.0) | 4.9 (2.0) | 3.5 (2.0) | 3.5 (2.0) | 2.9 (1.8) | 2.9 (1.8) |
| Counts | ||||||
| 0-1 | 2949 (2.2) | 3373 (2.6) | 4896 (16.3) | 5192 (17.0) | 517 579 (23.0) | 558 203 (23.6) |
| 2 | 9806 (7.4) | 9997 (7.6) | 5339 (17.8) | 5545 (18.1) | 504 178 (22.4) | 533 997 (22.6) |
| 3 | 19 635 (14.7) | 19 804 (15.1) | 5888 (19.6) | 6064 (19.8) | 484 748 (21.6) | 508 528 (21.5) |
| 4 | 26 039 (19.6) | 25 902 (19.7) | 5294 (17.6) | 5245 (17.1) | 345 135 (15.4) | 358 310 (15.2) |
| ≥5 | 74 713 (56.1) | 72 390 (55.1) | 8635 (28.7) | 8560 (28.0) | 394 275 (17.6) | 404 704 (17.1) |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
2019 refers to the historical period as of March 3, 2019; 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic period as of March 1, 2020.
b
Older adults are defined as persons aged 65 years and older without a diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
c
Chronic conditions include acute myocardial infarction (AMI); osteoarthritis; other arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; asthma; cancer; cardiac arrhythmia; heart failure; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; coronary syndrome (excluding AMI); dementia; diabetes; hypertension; mood, anxiety, depression, and other nonpsychotic disorders; other mental illnesses; osteoporosis; kidney failure; stroke (excluding transient ischemic attack).