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. 2022 Mar 8;41:87. doi: 10.1186/s13046-022-02305-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — HDAC2 knockdown inhibited tumorigenesis in GBM mouse model by inhibiting miR-3189-mediated GLUT3 expression. A Heatmap of RNA sequence analysis in DOX-inducible shHDAC2 GBM cells w/wo doxycycline (n = 3). B Heatmap of miRNA expression in DOX-inducible shHDAC2 GBM cells w/wo doxycycline (n = 3). C miR-3189 binding site of GLUT3 sequences. D Measurement of GLUT3 mRNA expression by qPCR. E IHC of human GBM tissue samples (TMA) for HDAC2 and GLUT3. Quantification of protein levels of HDAC2 and GLUT3. GBM TMA including human brain normal, grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 were classified using IHC. Scale bar: 50 μm. F IHC of human GBM tissue samples (TMA) for Bax and Apaf-1. Scale bar: 50 μm. G Schematic outline of in vivo experimental procedure. H Survival rate of orthotopic GBM mouse models by DOX-inducible shHDAC2 U87MG cells w/wo doxycycline. Tumorigenesis in orthotopic GBM mouse models. Brain sections of mice were stained with H&E. J CT imaging in orthotopic GBM mouse models. K PET imaging in orthotopic GBM mouse models. Graphic representation of SUV image analysis (mean area) rate of each group. L IHC staining of HDAC2 and Ki67 in mouse GBM tissues. Scale bar: 50 μm. M mRNA expression of HDAC2 and GLUT3 in orthotopic GBM mouse tissues by DOX-inducible shHDAC2 U87MG cells w/wo doxycycline using qPCR. N Expression of miR-544 and miR-3189. Representative images of human GBM and mice GBM tissue. Scale bars: 50 μm. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001