Table 4. Association of screen time during COVID-19 pandemic with eating habits, physical activity levels, sleep quality, and depression symptoms of 10–15 years old adolescents in Mumbai, India.
| Measures | Eating habits | Physical activity levels | Sleep quality | Depression symptoms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | P value | β (SE) | P value | β (SE) | P value | β (SE) | P value | |
| Frequency of screen usage/week | ||||||||
| • Laptop/desktop | -0.298 (0.089) | 0.034* | -0.845 (0.212) | <0.001** | 0.612 (0.334) | 0.044* | 0.245 (0.197) | 0.071 |
| • Mobile/smart phone | -0.123 (0.015) | 0.520 | -0.412 (0.330) | 0.112 | 0.546 (0.221) | 0.012* | 0.212 (0.065) | 0.156 |
| • Television | -0.345 (0.135) | 0.024* | -0.118 (0.067) | 0.540 | 0.219 (0.110) | 0.738 | 0.113 (0.101) | 0.718 |
| Time spent in screen activities/day | ||||||||
| • Studying/doing homework | - 0.198 (0.065) | 0.331 | -0.089 (0.056) | 0.566 | 0.329 (0.115) | 0.038* | 0.192 (0.031) | 0.089 |
| • Using social networking sites | - 0.229 (0.110) | 0.044* | -0.312 (0.216) | <0.001** | 0.312 (0.210) | 0.119 | 0.412 (0.220) | 0.018* |
| • Playing games | - 0.116 (0.078) | 0.665 | -0.032 (0.011) | 0.328 | 0.448 (0.178) | 0.002* | 0.210 (0.114) | 0.178 |
| Total screen time/day | ||||||||
| • Weekdays | -0.199 (0.123) | 0.114 | -0.343 (0.130) | 0.006* | 0.547 (0.312) | 0.046* | 0.125 (0.063) | 0.348 |
| • Weekends | -0.224 (0.112) | 0.082 | -0.831 (0.119) | 0.002* | 0.198 (0.148) | 0.321 | 0.099 (0.045) | 0.648 |
| Screen addiction behaviors | ||||||||
| • I can’t imagine going anywhere without my mobile devices | -0.121 (0.110) | 0.412 | -0.512 (0.215) | 0.043* | 0.298 (0.089) | 0.005* | 0.166 (0.103) | 0.118 |
| • Screen time takes up majority of my leisure time | -0.658(0.222) | 0.017 | -0.220 (0.119) | 0.128 | 0.210 (0.116) | 0.421 | 0.101 (0.049) | 0.332 |
| • I prefer socializing online than meeting people face to face | - 0.088 (0.034) | 0.882 | -0.240 (0.112) | 0.019* | 0.254 (0.188) | 0.026* | 0.034 (0.012) | 0.614 |
| Model Summary | Adj r2 = 0.133, F = 1.909, Significance = 0.012 | Adj r2 = 0.154, F = 4.728, Significance = 0.002 | Adj r2 = 0.142, F = 2.973 Significance = 0.026 | Adj r2 = 0.080, F = 1.410, Significance = 0.136 | ||||
Abbreviations: β, standardized regression coefficient. SE, standard error.
*Significant at p <0.05.
**Significant at p <0.001.
Eating habits indicate mean scores of eating habits (breakfast, family meals, eating out, ordering takeaways) related items and snacking pattern (frequency of healthy and unhealthy snack consumption) related items.
Physical activity levels indicate mean summary PAQ-C/A (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents) scores.
Sleep quality indicates mean global PSQI (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index) scores.
Depression symptoms indicate mean PHQ 2 (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) scores.
All models were adjusted for sex, age, type of school attended (private vs government schools).