Table 2.
Cardiometabolic Health, Physical Activity, and Functioning Pre-Post COVID-19 Onset—2006–2020 Health and Retirement Study (n = 1 372)
| 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body mass index (kg/m2) (n = 1 307) | ||||||||
| p < .0001a | ||||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 28.0 ± 0.2 | 28.6 ± 0.2 | 28.3 ± 0.2 | 28.6 ± 0.2 | 28.4 ± 0.2 | 28.6 ± 0.2 | 28.3 ± 0.2 | 28.0 ± 0.2 |
| Cardiometabolic risk factors and chronic conditions (n = 1 348) | p < .0001a | |||||||
| 0 | 48.8% | 42.8% | 37.3% | 34.0% | 30.2% | 25.5% | 23.9% | 23.4% |
| 1 | 35.8% | 37.8% | 38.7% | 37.6% | 36.9% | 37.5% | 35.9% | 36.0% |
| 2 | 12.6% | 15.5% | 18.4% | 21.6% | 25.1% | 26.6% | 28.2% | 27.9% |
| 3 | 2.7% | 3.5% | 5.2% | 6.0% | 6.9% | 9.2% | 10.3% | 10.7% |
| 4 | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.1% | 1.7% | 0.2% |
| Physical activity (moderate or vigorous) (n = 1 352) | p < .0001a | |||||||
| Never | 9.3% | 8.4% | 13.4% | 13.3% | 13.8% | 16.2% | 19.6% | 20.0% |
| 1-4 times per month | 21.6% | 23.1% | 27.0% | 26.7% | 27.0% | 25.6% | 23.2% | 21.9% |
| >1 times per week | 69.2% | 68.5% | 59.5% | 59.9% | 59.1% | 58.2% | 57.2% | 57.8% |
| Physical functioning (n = 300) | ||||||||
| ADL | p < .0001a | |||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 0.42 ± 0.08 | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 0.55 ± 0.09 | 0.56 ± 0.08 | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 0.82 ± 0.09 | 0.89 ± 0.11 | 1.52 ± 0.11 |
| IADL | p < .0001a | |||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.35 ± 0.06 | 0.31 ± 0.05 | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 0.54 ± 0.07 | 0.72 ± 0.09 | 0.79 ± 0.08 |
Notes: ADL = Activities of Daily Living; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.
a P-values were generated using design-based F tests.