Table 1.
Characteristics of Persons Hospitalized With SARS-CoV-2 Infection With at Least 2 Study Visits, by HIV Status, South Africa (n = 257)
| All | HIV-uninfected | Persons Living With HIV | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Characteristics on admission | 257 | 155 | 102 | ||||
| Age in years (median and IQR) | 46 | 35–58 | 49 | 37–64 | 41 | 34–52 | <.001 |
| Age category (n = 253) | 152 | 101 | |||||
| 18–34 years | 61 | 24 | 33 | 22 | 28 | 28 | <.001 |
| 35–59 years | 135 | 53 | 72 | 47 | 63 | 62 | |
| ≥60 years | 57 | 23 | 47 | 31 | 10 | 10 | |
| Sex (n = 254) | |||||||
| Female | 155 | 61 | 77 | 51 | 78 | 76 | <.001 |
| Male | 99 | 39 | 75 | 49 | 24 | 24 | |
| Race (n = 233) | |||||||
| Black African | 201 | 86 | 103 | 77 | 98 | 98 | <.001 |
| Mixed race | 20 | 9 | 18 | 14 | 2 | 2 | |
| Asian/Indian | 11 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Chronic cardiac conditions (n = 232) | 14 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | .989 |
| Hypertension (n = 232) | 77 | 33 | 53 | 40 | 24 | 24 | .013 |
| Diabetes (n = 232) | 48 | 21 | 37 | 28 | 11 | 11 | .002 |
| Chronic kidney disease (n = 230) | 5 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | .293 |
| Obesity (n = 232) | 38 | 16 | 25 | 19 | 13 | 13 | .249 |
| Current tuberculosis (n = 231) | 18 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 16 | 16 | <.001 |
| Smoking history (n = 166) | |||||||
| Current smoker | 21 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 12 | .805 |
| Former smoker | 17 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 12 | |
| Nonsmoker | 128 | 77 | 70 | 78 | 58 | 76 | |
| Days from symptom onset to admission (median and IQR) | 3 | 1–5 | 3 | 1–5 | 2 | 1–6 | .281 |
| Disease severity on admission (WHO severity of COVID-19, qSOFA score) (n = 214) | 121 | 93 | |||||
| Mild | 39 | 18 | 20 | 17 | 19 | 20 | .401 |
| Moderate | 137 | 64 | 76 | 63 | 61 | 66 | |
| Severe | 38 | 18 | 25 | 21 | 13 | 14 | |
| Signs and symptoms (n = 243) | 143 | 100 | |||||
| Fever | 111 | 45 | 68 | 48 | 43 | 43 | .483 |
| Cough | 192 | 79 | 113 | 79 | 79 | 79 | .849 |
| Dry | 115 | 60 | 73 | 65 | 42 | 53 | .234 |
| Productive | 59 | 31 | 30 | 27 | 29 | 37 | |
| Hemoptysis | 18 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 10 | |
| Sore throat | 79 | 33 | 50 | 35 | 29 | 29 | .329 |
| Chest pain | 153 | 63 | 94 | 66 | 59 | 59 | .285 |
| Myalgia | 77 | 32 | 47 | 33 | 30 | 30 | .636 |
| Malaise | 127 | 52 | 76 | 53 | 51 | 51 | .742 |
| Dyspnoea | 160 | 66 | 95 | 66 | 65 | 65 | .817 |
| Confusion | 13 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 6 | .706 |
| Headache | 66 | 27 | 38 | 27 | 28 | 28 | .806 |
| Diarrhea | 49 | 20 | 25 | 17 | 24 | 24 | .213 |
| Characteristics during hospital admission | |||||||
| Days in hospital (median and IQR) | 9 | 6–13 | 8 | 5–13 | 9 | 6–15 | .118 |
| Oxygen therapy required (n = 235) | 125 | 53 | 73 | 50 | 52 | 58 | .359 |
| Invasive ventilation required (n = 230) | 11 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | .571 |
| Noninvasive ventilation required (n = 227) | 15 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 5 | .372 |
| ICU admission (n = 235) | 23 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 12 | 13 | .137 |
| Glucocorticoids use (250) | 84 | 34 | 51 | 34 | 33 | 34 | .616 |
| In-hospital outcome (n = 249) | |||||||
| Discharged | 211 | 85 | 126 | 83 | 85 | 87 | .475 |
| Transferred | 19 | 8 | 14 | 9 | 5 | 5 | |
| Died | 19 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 8 | |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; qSOFA, quick Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment; SARS-CoV-2; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; WHO, World Health Organization.