Table 3.
Associations of Anxiety, Stress, and Depressive Symptom Severity During the Pandemic with Prepandemic to Peripandemic Change in Global Cognitive Function (n = 1 690)
| Estimate*,† (95% CI) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | −0.07 (−0.20, 0.05) | .25 |
| Stress | −0.30 (−0.64, 0.04) | .08 |
| Depressive symptom severity | −0.69 (−1.13, −0.25) | .002 |
Notes: CI = confidence interval.
*Estimates are for peri–pre modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m) score change associated with a 5-point increase in pandemic symptom score variable of interest derived from linear models with the peri–pre change in TICS-m score as a function of the symptom of psychological distress.
†Models are adjusted for age, study source (Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study for the Mind, Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes, WHI Sleep Hypoxia Effects on Resilience), race, ethnicity, education, history of cardiovascular disease, history of treated diabetes, history of treated hypertension, history of cancer, alcohol, region, number in household, total TICS-m tests taken, months from pandemic start (January 30, 2020) to pandemic symptom collection, and months between pre and peri TICS-m measurements.