Table 2.

Regions showing main effect of group in the whole brain RFX ANOVA analysis (F ≥4.21; p<.05, corrected for multiple comparisons): summary of RFX-GLM contrasts, outputs, and statistics

Region	BA	Peak MNI coordinates						No cue		Non-social cue		Social cue
		X	Y	Z	No of voxels	F	p	t	p	t	p	t	p
ASD > TD
RH middle temporal/occipital gyrus	37	53	− 55	− 2	1190	12.12	.002	4.006	< .001	4.969	< .001	3.943	.001
RH temporal pole	38	41	20	− 22	664	11.51	.002	3.242	< .001	4.812	< .001	3.668	< .001
RH primary somatosensory cortex/somatosensory association cortex/supramarginal gyrus	1/7/40	32	− 37	57	2726	16.02	< .001	5.114	< .001	6.073	< .001	5.820	.001
RH primary somatosensory cortex	1/4	19	− 31	57	710	10.13	.004	4.373	< .001	4.421	< .001	3.943	.001
Primary motor cortex
L/RH supplementary motor area	6	− 2	− 28	54	2285	15.15	< .001	5.162	< .001	5.721	< .001	5.467	< .001
L/RH ventromedial prefrontal cortex/pregenual anterior cingulate cortex	32	− 6	50	− 8	4439	19.04	< .001	4.575	< .001	5.611	< .001	3.690	< .001
Orbitofrontal cortex	10/11
LH middle frontal gyrus	10	− 33	51	− 1	1979	13.69	.001	3.509	.002	3.391	.003	3.692	.001
LH middle temporal gyrus	21/22	− 60	− 19	5	10826	22.10	< .001	5.405	< .001	7.688	< .001	4.703	< .001
LH middle frontal gyrus	8/9	− 30	24	42	1347	14.18	< .001	4.040	< .001	4.389	< .001	4.040	.001
LH inferior parietal lobule	40	− 38	− 49	53	805	12.02	.002	5.114	< .001	6.073	< .001	5.820	< .001
Claustrum		− 37	− 2	− 18	618	10.42	.003	2.152	< .001	4.530	< .001	3.367	< .001
LH inferior frontal gyrus/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex	45/46/47	− 50	− 2	− 18	3552	15.38	< .001	4.512	< .001	5.440	< .001	3.851	.001
LH temporal parietal junction	22/40	− 60	− 27	21	1937	19.70	< .001	5.108	< .001	4.747	< .001	4.928	< .001
TD > ASD
RH parahippocampal gyrus	19	26	− 49	− 7	586	11.18	.002	− 4.008	.001	− 4.318	.001	− 4.198	.001
LH parahippocampal gyrus	18/19	− 16	− 72	1	1810	15.41	< .001	− 8.547	< .001	− 9.091	< .001	− 8.479	< .001

Note. Brain regions showing significant whole-brain RFX-ANOVA group effect (p < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons) and ROI-based GLM-RFX contrasts for group differences between responses to Social, Non-Social and No Cue conditions. Positive t-tests indicate higher β values for the ASD group than for TD. Negative t-tests indicate higher β values for the TD group than for ASD. X, Y and Z represent MNI coordinates. Significant comparisons are marked in bold. BA, Brodmann area; ASD, autism spectrum disorder group; TD, typical neurodevelopment group, RH, right hemisphere, LH, left hemisphere