Table 4.
Association Between Antibody Responses and Variables Unique to Each Underlying Condition
| SOT Recipients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibody Result | Unadjusted OR for Reactive Antibody Result (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted OR for Reactive Antibody Result (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Characteristic | Reactive (N = 138) | (95% CI) | ||||
| SOT, n (%) | ||||||
| Liver | 42 (50.0%) | 42 (50.0%) | Reference | Reference | … | |
| Lung | 10 (14.7%) | 58 (85.3%) | 0.17 (0.08–0.38) | 0.004 | 0.21 (0.08–0.54) | 0.001 |
| Heart | 27 (24.3%) | 84 (75.5%) | 0.32 (0.17–0.59) | < .001 | 0.26 (0.13–0.51) | < .001 |
| Kidney | 59 (31.7%) | 127 (68.3%) | 0.46 (0.27–0.79) | < .001 | 0.53 (0.29–0.98) | 0.04 |
| Pancreas | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (100%) | … | … | ||
| Treated for rejection within 3 mo, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 134 (30.4%) | 307 (69.6%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 4 (44.4%) | 5 (55.6%) | 1.83 (0.48–6.93) | 0.372 | ||
| Time from SOT, n (%) | ||||||
| 2+ y | 121 (33.3%) | 242 (66.7%) | Reference | |||
| 0–1 y | 17 (19.5%) | 70 (80.5%) | 0.49 (0.27–0.86) | 0.014 | 0.45 (0.24–0.87) | 0.02 |
| Calcineurin inhibitors, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 16 (39.0%) | 25 (61.0%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 122 (29.8%) | 287 (70.2%) | 0.66 (0.34–1.29) | 0.226 | ||
| Antimetabolites, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 70 (47.6%) | 77 (52.4%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 68 (22.4%) | 235 (77.6%) | 0.32 (0.21–0.49) | < .001 | ||
| mTOR inhibitors, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 121 (30.5%) | 276 (69.5%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 17 (32.1%) | 36 (67.9%) | 1.08 (0.58–1.99) | 0.813 | ||
| No. of immunosuppressive drugs, n (%) | ||||||
| 1 | 58 (53.2%) | 51 (46.8%) | Reference | Reference | ... | |
| 2 | 57 (25.0%) | 171 (75.0%) | 0.29 (0.18–0.47) | < .001 | 0.31 (0.18–0.53) | < .001 |
| 3+ | 23 (20.4%) | 90 (79.6%) | 0.22 (0.12–0.41) | <.001 | 0.24 (0.12–0.50) | <.001 |
| –Autoimmune Conditions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibody Result | Unadjusted OR for Reactive Antibody Result (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted OR for Reactive Antibody Result (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Characteristic | (95% CI) (N = 208) | Nonreactive | ||||
| TNF-alpha inhibitor, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 124 (81.6%) | 28 (18.4%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 84 (75.7%) | 27 (24.3%) | 0.70 (0.39,1.28) | 0.25 | ||
| Mercaptopurine, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 201 (79.1%) | 53 (20.9%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 7 (77.8%) | 2 (22.2%) | 0.92 (0.19,4.57) | 0.92 | ||
| JAK inhibitor, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 200 (80.0%) | 50 (20.0%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 8 (61.5%) | 5 (38.5%) | 0.40 (0.13,1.28) | 0.12 | ||
| IL-inhibitor, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 200 (78.7%) | 54 (21.3%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 8 (88.9%) | 1 (11.1%) | 2.16 (0.26,17.65) | 0.47 | ||
| Calcineurin inhibitor, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 205 (79.2%) | 54 (20.8%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 3 (75.0%) | 1 (25.0%) | 0.79 (0.08,7.75) | 0.84 | ||
| Antimetabolites, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 157 (77.7%) | 45 (22.3%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 51 (83.6%) | 10 (16.4%) | 1.46 (0.69,3.11) | 0.32 | ||
| Methotrexate , n (%) | ||||||
| No | 165 (79.3%) | 43 (20.7%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 43 (78.2%) | 12 (21.8%) | 0.93 (0.45,1.92) | 0.85 | ||
| Receiving anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 206 (81.4%) | 47 (18.6%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 2 (20.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | 0.06 (0.01,0.28) | <.001 | 0.05 (0.01-0.23) | <.001 |
| Hematological Malignancy | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibody Result | Unadjusted OR for Reactive Antibody Result (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted OR for Reactive Antibody Result (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Characteristic | Reactive (N = 78) | Nonreactive (N = 78) | ||||
| Systemic therapy over the past 12 mo, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 59 (59.0%) | 41 (41.0%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 19 (33.9%) | 37 (66.1%) | 0.36 (0.18,0.71) | 0.003 | 0.29 (0.12–0.69) | 0.005 |
| Radiotherapy over the past 12 mo, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 76 (50.7%) | 74 (49.3%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 2 (33.3%) | 4 (66.7%) | 0.49 (0.09,2.74) | 0.41 | ||
| Anti-CD20 therapy, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 74 (57.8%) | 54 (42.2%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 4 (14.3%) | 24 (85.7%) | 0.12 (0.04,0.37) | < .001 | 0.16 (0.04–0.58) | 0.005 |
| Solid Tumors | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Antibody Result | Unadjusted OR for Reactive Antibody Fesult (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted OR for Reactive Antibody Result (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Reactive (N = 107) | Nonreactive (N = 29) | |||||
| Systemic therapy over the past 12 mo | ||||||
| No | 41 (89.1%) | 5 (10.9%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 66 (73.3%) | 24 (26.7%) | 0.34 (0.12,0.95) | 0.039 | 0.44 (0.15-1.30) | 0.135 |
| Radiotherapy over the past 12 mo, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 54 (72.0%) | 21 (28.0%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 53 (86.9%) | 8 (13.1%) | 2.58 (1.05,6.33) | 0.039 | 2.45 (0.95-6.34) | 0.065 |
| Anti-CD20 therapy, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 103 (80.5%) | 25 (19.5%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 2 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | … | … | ||
| HIV | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Antibody Result | Unadjusted OR for Reactive Antibody Result (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted OR for Reactive Antibody Result (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Reactive (N = 75) | Nonreactive (N = 19) | |||||
| Receiving antiretroviral therapy, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 0 | 0 | Reference | |||
| Yes | 75 (79.8%) | 19 (20.2%) | … | … | ||
| HIV viral load, n (%) | ||||||
| Undetectable | 73 (79.3%) | 19 (20.7%) | Reference | |||
| Detectable | 2 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | … | … | ||
| CD4 count (cells/µL), n (%) | ||||||
| >200 | 71 (86.6%) | 11 (13.4%) | Reference | |||
| <200 | 4 (33.3%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.08 (0.02,0.30) | < .001 | 0.08 (0.02-0.31) | < .002 |
Statistically significant associations highlighted in bold. Variables with a P value < .1 were entered in the multivariate model from which adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Specific cancer therapies found in Supplementary Table S6. Specific hematological cancers found in Supplementary Table S5. Specific autoimmune conditions found in Supplementary Table S7.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IL, interleukin; IQR, interquartile range; SOT, solid organ transplant; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.