Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Enrolled Patients With Severe and Moderate Infection
| Enrolled Patients | Severe Disease (n = 143) | Moderate Disease (n = 162) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics at baseline | |||
| Gender (male), % | 63.64 | 41.36 | <.001 |
| Age, y (%) | 64.79 (15.05) | 60.46 (14.20) | .010 |
| Race, % | <.001 | ||
| -Caucasian | 73.64 | 92.06 | |
| -Latin | 26.36 | 7.94 | |
| -Asian-Indian | 0.77 | 0 | |
| Smoking status, % | .728 | ||
| -Never-smoker | 60.16 | 57.14 | |
| -Current smoker | 9.38 | 7.94 | |
| -Former smoker | 30.47 | 34.92 | |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 31.36 (5.38) | 28.52 (5.38) | <.001 |
| Charlson index, mean (SD) | 2.98 (2.20) | 2.31 (2.26) | .024 |
| Obesity, % | 55.91 | 33.33 | <.001 |
| Pulmonary disease, % | 27.94 | 37.32 | .062 |
| COPD, % | 9.6 | 12 | .342 |
| Asthma, % | 11.81 | 15.57 | .248 |
| SAHS, % | 8 | 11.76 | .220 |
| ILD, % | 0 | 2.54 | |
| Neoplasia, % | 14.69 | 13.58 | .445 |
| AATD, % | 0.81 | 3.3 | .145 |
| PTE, % | 1.65 | 0 | .257 |
| Home oxygen therapy, % | 2.43 | 2.36 | .976 |
| Characteristics of acute COVID-19 | |||
| Hospitalization, % | 100 | 63.58 | <.001 |
| Length of hospital stay, median (IQR), d | 28 (20–39) | 5 (0–11) | <.001 |
| ICU/UCIR, % | 75.52 | 0 | <.001 |
| Ventilatory support therapy, % | 98.60 | 0 | <.001 |
| Tracheostomy, % | 13.77 | 0 | <.001 |
| PTE, % | 3.45 | 0 | .158 |
| RALE | |||
| -Peak RALE score, mean (SD) | 4.66 (2.29) |
2.51 (2.01) |
<.001 |
| -RALE score at discharge, mean (SD) | 4.53 (2.29) | 3.0 (2.25) | <.001 |
| Bilateral involvement, % | 91.06 | 68.09 | <.001 |
| Laboratory findingsb | |||
| -Lactate dehydrogenase, median (IQR), U/L | 474 (389.5–561) | 460 (378–545) | .850 |
| -Ferritin, median (IQR), ng/mL | 446 (237–749) | 420 (225–675) | .813 |
| -D-dimer, median (IQR), ng/mL | 941 (474–1548) | 566.5 (379–1207) | .004 |
| -D-dimer >500 ng/mL, % | 71.56 | 63.64 | .177 |
| Clinical associations with a severe COVID-19 disease course | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age | .997 (.956-1.040) | .920 | |
| Sex (male) | 3.102 (1.520-6.331) | .002 | |
| Race (Latin) | 8.444 (2.527-28.212) | .001 | |
| Body mass index | 1.106 (1.036-1.180) | .002 | |
| Never smoker | .905 (.429-1.906) | .793 | |
| Charlson | 1.230 (.915-1.655) | .169 | |
| Respiratory comorbidity | .498 (.232-1.069) | .074 | |
Data are expressed as No. (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR).
Abbreviations: AATD, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; ILD, diffuse interstitial lung disease; IQR, interquartile range; PTE, pulmonary thromboembolism; RALE, Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema; SAHS, sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome; UCRI, intermediate respiratory care unit.
P values from 2-sample t tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, chi-square test, or Fisher exact.
All laboratory findings are values at discharge.