Table 4.
Relationship Between Radiological Features and Clinical Characteristics, COVID-19 Disease Severity and Features at Long-term Follow-up
| Total (n = 264) | Abnormal Radiological Pattern (n = 47) | Normal Radiological Pattern (n = 217) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 68.89 (14.02) | 60.40 (14.16) | <.001 |
| Never-smoker, % | 50 | 58.79 | .187 |
| Pulmonary disease, % | 24.44 | 32.16 | .203 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 30.43 (4.46) | 30.17 (5.80) | .475 |
| Length of hospital stay, median (IQR), d | 26 (22–38) | 11 (3–22) | <.001 |
| Peak RALE score, mean (SD) | 4.73 (2.29) | 3.69 (2.47) | .014 |
| Severe disease, % | 72.34 | 38.25 | <.001 |
| Features at long-term follow-up (>180 d) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| mMRC dyspnea, mean (SD) | 0.91 (0.78) | 0.82 (0.70) | .492 |
| FEV/FVC, mean (SD), % | 78.91 (7.80) | 76.60 (8.48) | .355 |
| FEV1, mean (SD), % predicted | 97.34 (18.15) | 104.28 (21.09) | .105 |
| FVC, mean (SD), % predicted | 96.89 (18.72) | 110.11 (21.84) | .007 |
| SpO2, % | 96.38 | 96.81 | .122 |
| DLCO, mean (SD), % predicted | 69.06 (21.04) | 83.56 (22.65) | <.001 |
| D-dimer, median (IQR), ng/mL | 302.5 (215–867.5) | 400 (242–551) | .812 |
| D-dimer >500 ng/mL, % | 35 | 27.06 | .326 |
| Predictors of long-term abnormalities on chest radiology imaging | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Age | 0.964 (0.928–1.003) | .072 | |
| Length of hospital stay | 0.966 (0.939–0.994) | .019 | |
| FVC at long-term follow-up | 1.026 (1.002–1.051) | .032 | |
Abbreviations: DLCO, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; IQR, interquartile range; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; RALE, Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema; SpO2, oxygen saturation.