Table 4.
Quality of each included study by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale
| First author, year | Selection | Comparability | Exposure | ||||||
| Is the case definition adequate? | Representativeness of the cases | Selection of controls | Definition of controls | Comparability of baseline characteristic 1 (sex) | Comparability of baseline characteristic 2 (Age) | Ascertainment of exposure | Same method of ascertainment for cases and controls | Nonresponse rate | |
| Andoh, 2016 [18] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Bai, 2019 [19] | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Chen, 2020 [20] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Da Silva, 2020 [21] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Gao, 2018 [22] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Gao, 2018 [23] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Haro, 2016 [24] | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Houttu, 2018 [25] | * | * | * | * | NA | * | NA | NA | * |
| Hu, 2015 [26] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Kaplan, 2019 [27] | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Liu, 2017 [28] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Lopez-Contreras, 2018 [29] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | * |
| Lv, 2019 [30] | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Mendez-Salazar, 2018 [31] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * | NA | * |
| Nardelli, 2020 [32] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Blasco, 2017 [33] | * | * | * | * | NA | * | NA | NA | * |
| Davis, 2017 [34] | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | * | NA | * |
| Dominianni, 2015 [35] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Escobar, 2015 [36] | * | * | * | * | NA | * | NA | NA | * |
| Kasai, 2015 [37] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Nirmalkar, 2018 [38] | * | * | * | * | NA | * | NA | NA | * |
| Ottosson, 2018 [39] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Peters, 2018 [40] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Ppatil, 2012 [41] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Rahat- Rozenbloom, 2014 [42] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Riva, 2017 [43] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Vieira-Silva, 2020 [44] | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | * | * | * |
| Ville, 2020 [45] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Yasir, 2015 [46] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Yun, 2017 [47] | * | * | * | * | NA | * | NA | NA | * |
| Zacarias, 2018 [48] | * | * | * | * | NA | * | * | NA | * |
| Allin, 2018 [49] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Barengolts, 2018 [50] | * | * | * | * | NA | * | * | NA | * |
| Leite, 2017 [51] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Qin, 2012 [52] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Karlsson, 2013 [53] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Larsen, 2010 [54] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Ahmad, 2019 [55] | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Koo, 2019 [56] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Sroka-oleksiak, 2020 [57] | * | * | * | * | NA | * | NA | NA | * |
| Thingholm, 2019 [58] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Zhao, 2019 [59] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Jiang, 2018 [60] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Shen, 2017 [61] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Sobhonslidsuk, 2018 [62] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Wang, 2016 [63] | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Li, 2018 [64] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Nistal, 2019 [65] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Yun, 2019 [66] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Michail, 2015 [67] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Zhu, 2013 [68] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Chavez-Carbajal, 2019 [69] | * | * | * | * | NA | * | NA | NA | * |
| De La Cuesta-Zuluaga, 2018 [70] | * | * | * | NA | NA | * | NA | * | |
| Gallardo-Becerra, 2020 [71] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Gozd-Barszczewska, 2017 [72] | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | * | NA | * |
| Kashtanova, 2018 [73] | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Lippert, 2017 [74] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Feinn, 2020 [75] | * | * | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | * |
| Li, 2021 [76] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
| Yuan, 2021 [77] | * | * | * | * | NA | NA | NA | NA | * |
NA not appliable