Table 3.
Lost productive time attributed to probable medication-overuse headache by country (values are population means ± SEM [median])
| Country | Lost productive time (days/3 months per person) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HALT question(s)1 | |||||
| 1 | 2 | 1 + 2 | 3 + 4 | 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 | |
| Ethiopia | 8.9 ± 4.2 [0.0] | 8.6 ± 3.7 [0.0] | 17.4 ± 6.4 [0.0] | 16.9 ± 5.1 [3.0] | 32.8 ± 7.3 [20.0] |
| India | 2.9 ± 2.0 [0.0] | 1.2 ± 0.8 [0.0] | 4.1 ± 2.3 [0.0] | 9.9 ± 2.2 [7.0] | 14.0 ± 3.5 [8.0] |
| Lithuania + Luxembourg | 1.9 ± 0.8 [0.0] | 4.5 ± 1.0 [0.0] | 6.1 ± 1.4 [0.0] | 18.9 ± 2.8 [11.5] | 22.4 ± 2.9 [15.5] |
| Nepal | 4.6 ± 1.4 [0.0] | 2.9 ± 0.9 [0.0] | 7.5 ± 2.1 [0.0] | 9.9 ± 1.8 [5.0] | 16.9 ± 3.0 [13.0] |
| Pakistan | 3.4 ± 0.6 [0.0] | 3.6 ± 0.6 [0.0] | 6.9 ± 1.1 [1.0] | 17.5 ± 1.7 [12.0] | 23.0 ± 2.0 [18.0] |
| Russia | 1.4 ± 0.7 [0.0] | 3.8 ± 0.9 [0.0] | 5.3 ± 1.3 [0.0] | 12.6 ± 1.3 [11.5] | 17.9 ± 2.0 [15.0] |
| Spain | 4.4 ± 2.1 [0.0] | 10.0 ± 1.7 [8.5] | 13.4 ± 2.5 [10.0] | 24.9 ± 3.3 [20.0] | 34.7 ± 3.8 [28.0] |
HALT: Headache-Attributed Lost Time questionnaire. 1 Questions 1 and 2 relate to work time (absenteeism and presenteeism respectively); questions 3 and 4 relate to household work (days with nothing or less than half of normal achieved) (see text).