Table 3.
Parameter estimates in multivariable analysis of factors associated with peripheral levels of NGF, BDNF, PGE2, and VEGF
| Characteristic | Coefficient | P-value | 95% CI for coefficient | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower bound | Upper Bound | |||
| NGF model: EM diagnosis (vs. control) | -31.360 | 0.003 | -51.683 | -11.038 |
| NGF model: EM diagnosis (vs. CM) | -17.148 | 0.042 | -33.618 | -0.678 |
| NGF model: CM diagnosis (vs. control) | -12.994 | 0.156 | -31.052 | 5.064 |
| BDNF model: EM diagnosis (vs. control) | -0.583 | <0.001 | -0.715 | -0.450 |
| BDNF model: CM diagnosis (vs. control) | -0.572 | <0.001 | -0.690 | -0.454 |
| BDNF model: CM diagnosis (vs. EM) | 0.017 | 0.715 | -0.077 | 0.111 |
| PGE2 model: EM diagnosis (vs. control) | -29.284 | 0.011 | -51.781 | -6.788 |
| PGE2 model: CM diagnosis (vs. EM) | 15.324 | 0.086 | -2.251 | 32.899 |
| PGE2 model: CM diagnosis (vs. control) | -14.163 | 0.163 | -34.152 | 5.827 |
| VEGF model: EM diagnosis (vs. control) | 258.626 | <0.001 | 168.119 | 349.132 |
| VEGF model: CM diagnosis (vs. control) | 261.613 | <0.001 | 181.191 | 342.035 |
| VEGF model: CM diagnosis (vs. EM) | 13.837 | 0.859 | -141.643 | 169.318 |
| Sensitivity NGF model: CM diagnosis (vs. EM) | 18.855 | 0.017 | 3.455 | 34.256 |
*Quantile regression (quantile= 0.5 [median]). All models adjusted for age (continuous), sex (binary), and BMI (continuous). EM/CM/control diagnosis as categorical variable
**NGF: nerve growth factor; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; CI: confidence interval; EM: episodic migraine; CM: chronic migraine
*** Sensitivity model also adjusted for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage (binary) and beta blocker drug usage (binary)