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. 2022 Feb 13;14:12. doi: 10.1186/s11689-022-09422-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Description of outcomes and exposures in the study population. Individuals diagnosed with ASD and/or ID identified in the final study population (n=556,732) as of December 31, 2016 (A). Age at first diagnosis of ASD/ID for the mutually exclusive diagnostic groups (B). Incidence of CNS (C) and non-CNS infections (D) according to age among children unaffected by ASD/ID and among those diagnosed with “ASD without ID,” “ASD with ID,” “ID without ASD.” Note the different scales of the y-axes in C and D. Incidence of one or more infections according to age among children unaffected by ASD/ID and those diagnosed with “ASD without ID” (E), “ASD with ID” (F), and “ID without ASD” (G), throughout childhood and stratified by age at diagnosis of ASD/ID