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. 2022 Feb 13;14:12. doi: 10.1186/s11689-022-09422-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Infections during childhood and mutually exclusive diagnoses. Associations between specialized care for infections during childhood and later diagnosis of “ASD without ID,” “ASD with ID,” or “ID without ASD.” Associations between exposure at different age intervals and diagnoses at different age intervals are also shown. Comparisons between unrelated individuals in the general population (A–L) and between full biological siblings (M–X) are shown. Hazard ratios presented here are from fully adjusted models. Population-based estimates (A–L) are adjusted for sex, parity, maternal body mass index, pre-eclampsia, parental age, education, income, region of origin, histories of psychiatric illness and infections, season of birth, gestational age at birth, size for gestational age, cesarean section, Apgar score. Estimates from the sibling analyses (M–X) are adjusted for sex, parity, gestational age at birth, and cesarean section