Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) of BMI categories for cognitive decline overall and stratified by physical activity and chronic disorders
| Unadjusted ORs | Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3 c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 85/1028) | ||||
| Underweight | 2.88 (0.74–11.16) | 1.87 (0.47–7.46) | 1.85 (0.44–7.85) | 1.81 (0.38–8.57) |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 0.56 (0.33–0.96) | 0.56 (0.32–0.98) | 0.60 (0.34–1.05) | 0.63 (0.35–1.13) |
| Obesity | 0.79 (0.45–1.38) | 0.91 (0.51–1.64) | 0.95 (0.52–1.73) | 0.76 (0.39–1.48) |
| By Physical Activity | ||||
| Low physical activity (n = 58/762) | ||||
| Underweight | 3.32 (0.62–17.59) | 2.13 (0.38–11.91) | 1.96 (0.32–11.96) | 1.40 (0.20–9.64) |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 0.71 (0.37–1.35) | 0.76 (0.39–1.51) | 0.82 (0.41–1.63) | 0.85 (0.41–1.75) |
| Obesity | 1.05 (0.55–2.01) | 1.41 (0.70–2.84) | 1.53 (0.75–3.11) | 1.15 (0.53–2.50) |
| High physical activity (n = 21/266) | ||||
| Underweight | 2.29 (0.22–23.53) | 1.38 (0.11–17.04) | 2.17 (0.17–27.93) | 3.19 (0.23–43.88) |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 0.33 (0.12–0.96) | 0.26 (0.08–0.77) | 0.20 (0.06–0.68) | 0.25 (0.07–0.89) |
| Obesity | 0.16 (0.02–1.25) | 0.18 (0.02–1.40) | 0.12 (0.01–1.05) | 0.11 (0.01–1.08) |
| By type of disorder | ||||
| Metabolic disorders (n = 67/821) | ||||
| Underweight | 3.04 (0.76–12.19) | 2.04 (0.50–8.36) | 2.03 (0.46–8.84) | 2.16 (0.44–10.54) |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 0.58 (0.32–1.05) | 0.59 (0.32–1.08) | 0.59 (0.32–1.10) | 0.63 (0.33–1.19) |
| Obesity | 0.81 (0.45–1.48) | 0.98 (0.53–1.84) | 0.96 (0.50–1.82) | 0.78 (0.39–1.59) |
| No metabolic disorders (n = 12/207) | ||||
| Underweight | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 0.48 (0.13–1.69) | 0.41 (0.10–1.69) | 0.61 (0.12–3.13) | 0.68 (0.13–3.70) |
| Obesity | 0.34 (0.04–2.89) | 0.27 (0.03–2.58) | 0.46 (0.04–4.68) | 0.62 (0.05–7.34) |
| Cardiovascular disorders (n = 39/387) | ||||
| Underweight | 3.77 (0.64–22.35) | 2.78 (0.46–16.95) | 2.29 (0.33–15.75) | 2.44 (0.33–18.22) |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 0.42 (0.17–1.02) | 0.41 (0.16–1.03) | 0.47 (0.19–1.20) | 0.48 (0.18–1.24) |
| Obesity | 1.21 (0.56–2.65) | 1.49 (0.65–3.43) | 1.61 (0.68–3.82) | 1.09 (0.43–2.80) |
| No Cardiovascular disorders (n = 46/641) | ||||
| Underweight | 1.91 (0.21–17.28) | 1.31 (0.13–13.04) | 1.73 (0.16–18.15) | 2.45 (0.21–28.73) |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 0.68 (0.34–1.34) | 0.65 (0.32–1.33) | 0.67 (0.32–1.39) | 0.68 (0.31–1.45) |
| Obesity | 0.52 (0.23–1.20) | 0.54 (0.22–1.30) | 0.54 (0.22–1.32) | 0.46 (0.17–1.24) |
| Anxio-depressive disorders (n = 34/355) | ||||
| Underweight | 1.17 (0.13–10.42) | 0.71 (0.08–6.65) | 0.73 (0.07–7.88) | 0.59 (0.05–7.47) |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 0.63 (0.27–1.44) | 0.59 (0.25–1.39) | 0.71 (0.29–1.74) | 0.76 (0.30–1.94) |
| Obesity | 0.60 (0.24–1.49) | 0.67 (0.26–1.75) | 0.72 (0.27–1.94) | 0.73 (0.26–2.06) |
| No anxio-depressive disorders (n = 51/673) | ||||
| Underweight | 6.56 (1.03–41.75) | 5.35 (0.78–36.56) | 5.18 (0.74–36.42) | 8.06 (1.04–62.26) |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 0.54 (0.27–1.08) | 0.59 (0.28–1.23) | 0.60 (0.29–1.26) | 0.57 (0.26–1.25) |
| Obesity | 0.94 (0.46–1.91) | 1.20 (0.56–2.55) | 1.25 (0.57–2.72) | 0.75 (0.30–1.88) |
n/N number of cases of cognitive decline in each strata
Abbreviations: BMI Body Mass Index (in kg/m2), NA Not applicable due to small cell effectives
a. Model 1 was adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics; b. Model 2 is Model 1 further adjusted for lifestyle factors; c. Model 3 is Model 2 further adjusted for physical and mental health factors; Bold: p-value < 0.05