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. 2021 Dec 11;22(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s10194-021-01364-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Superimposed 60 nBR traces of one participant. The R2 component is indicated by a box of red dashed lines between 30-80 ms. Note the stimulation artifact at the start and the immediately following R1 component. The R1 component has a low variability given its monosynaptic pathway through the principal trigeminal nucleus. The R2 component is more variable in amplitude and time given its polysynaptic pathway through the trigemino-cervical complex. The R3 follows the R2 component and starts at about 80-90 ms. Its underlying pathways and functions are still debated