Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all patients
| Characteristics | Infected group (n = 131) | Control group (n = 150) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n, %) | 64 (49%) | 62 (41%) | 0.21 |
| Age, years (mean [range]) | 49 (19—79) | 49 (18—74) | 0.29 |
| > 65 years (n, %) | 16 (12%) | 15 (10%) | 0.56 |
| Medical history (n, %) | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 33 (25%) | 39 (26%) | 0.88 |
| Respiratory disease | 6 (5%) | 3 (2%) | 0.38 |
| Endocrine disease | 12 (9%) | 10 (7%) | 0.44 |
| Central nervous system disease | 29 (22%) | 34 (23%) | 0.92 |
| Digestive system disease | 8 (6%) | 12 (8%) | 0.54 |
| No medical history | 43 (33%) | 48 (32%) | 0.88 |
| History of neurosurgery (n, %) | 27 (21%) | 30 (20%) | 0.90 |
| Surgery description (n, %) | |||
| Craniotomy for tumor or mass | 105 (80%) | 109 (73%) | 0.14 |
| Craniotomy for cerebrovascular disease | 8 (6%) | 6 (4%) | 0.42 |
| Craniotomy for epilepsy | 2 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 1.00 |
| Craniotomy for others | 3 (2%) | 5 (3%) | 0.87 |
| Transphenoidal or transnasal | 13 (10%) | 27 (18%) | 0.05 |
| GCS score on the 1st day after surgery (median [IQR]) | 15 (13—15) | 15 (14–15) | 0.52 |
| Drainage devices before infection (n, %) | 71 (54%) | 67 (45%) | 0.11 |
| External ventricular drainage | 57 (80%) | 39 (58%) | < 0.01* |
| Lumber cistern drainage | 14 (20%) | 28 (42%) | 0.06 |
| Emergency surgery (n, %) | 13 (10%) | 3 (2%) | < 0.01* |
| Operative time, hours (median [IQR]) | 4.7 (3.8—6.1) | 4.2 (3.3—5.6) | 0.03 * |
| Glucocorticoids administration (n, %) | 111 (85%) | 134 (89%) | 0.25 |
| Antimicrobial prophylaxis (n, %) | 125 (95%) | 148 (99%) | 0.20 |
| Empirical antibiotic therapy before sampling (n, %) | 45 (34%) | 62 (41%) | 0.23 |
| Vital signs (n, %) | |||
| Fever (> 38 ℃) | 109 (83%) | – | – |
| Headache | 50 (38%) | – | – |
| Neck stiffness | 32 (24%) | – | – |
| Altered consciousness or other symptoms | 18 (14%) | – | – |
| Abnormal cerebrospinal parameters | 126 (96%) | – | – |
| Positive cultures at the time of diagnosis | 5 (4%) | – | – |
| Days from surgery to infection (median [IQR]) | 5 (3—7) | – | – |
| Patients with positive cultures (n, %) | 35 (27%) | – | – |
| CSF cytochemical parameters (median [IQR]) | |||
| White blood cell count (cells/mm3) | 2201 (809—6207) | 19 (8—39) | < 0.01* |
| Protein (mg/dL) | 175 (120—359) | 54 (39—81) | < 0.01* |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 2.0 (1.2—2.2) | 3.6 (3.1—4.2) | < 0.01* |
IQR interquartile range. GCS score Glasgow Coma Scale score. CSF cerebrospinal fluid. * Values that with significant differences
– There was no value in this part