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. 2022 Mar 8;41:85. doi: 10.1186/s13046-022-02276-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7 — MM cells secrete circHNRNPU into the BM microenvironment through exosomes. A Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize exosomes from the culture supernatant of ARP1 and CAG cells. B WB analysis showed the presence of exosome markers Alix and CD9. C-D RNA levels of circHNRNPU and linear HNRNPU ± RNase R were determined by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. E Graphic illustration of cocultured WT ARP1, CAG, HEK-293, HS-5 cells with the CAG circHNRNPU-OE cells using transwell. F qPCR analysis of circHNRNPU expression in ARP1, CAG, HEK-293, HS-5 cells cocultured with CAG circHNRNPU-OE cells. G WB analysis of circHNRNPU_603aa expression in ARP1, CAG, HEK-293, HS-5 cells cocultured with CAG circHNRNPU-OE cells using HA tag antibody. H The specific peptides from circHNRNPU_603aa were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. I-J Representative confocal images for HA and DAPI showed that circHNRNPU_603aa expression was in time-dependent manner in (I) ARP1 and (J) CAG cells. K MTT assay indicated higher cell proliferation rate of cocultured circHNRNPU-OE MM cells than WT cells. L Cell cycle assay exhibited higher G2/M proportion of cocultured circHNRNPU-OE MM cells than WT cells. The data are presented as mean ± SD.*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001