Table 4.
Distribution of antimicrobial and multidrug resistance among S. coagulans isolated from canine specimens submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Tennessee, USA (2006–2017)
| Antimicrobial | 2006–2008 | 2009–2011 | 2012–2014 | 2015–2017 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aminoglycosides | |||||
| Gentamicin | 35.5 (67/194) | 45.6 (93/204) | 33.1 (48/145) | 26.3 (30/114) | 36.2 (238/657) |
| β-lactams | |||||
| Ampicillin | 40.1 (75/187) | 44.1 (90/204) | 41.5 (107/258) | 37.6 (76/202) | 40.9 (348/851) |
| Cefoxitin | 21.7 (42/194) | 26.1 (53/203) | 20.6 (53/257) | 18.7 (38/203) | 21.7 (186/857) |
| Oxacillin | 35.6 (69/194) | 41.2 (84/204) | 40.9 (105/257) | 31.0 (63/203) | 37.4 (321/858) |
| Fluoroquinolones | |||||
| Marbofloxacin | 30.9 (59/191) | 44 (88/200) | 41.1 (106/258) | 33.3 (51/153) | 37.7 (304/802) |
| Folate inhibitors | |||||
| TMSa | 0.52 (1/194) | 0.49 (1/204) | 2.33 (6/257) | 0.98 (2/204) | 1.2 (10/859) |
| Lincosamides | |||||
| Clindamycin | 4.6 (9/194) | 3.4 (7/204) | 2.3 (6/256) | 3.4 (7/204) | 3.4 (29/858) |
| Macrolides | |||||
| Erythromycin | 4.1 (8/194) | 2.9 (6/204) | 2.7 (7/258) | 2.9 (6/204) | 3.1 (27/860) |
| Phenicols | |||||
| Chloramphenicol | 0 (0/194) | 0 (0/204) | 0 (0/257) | 0 (0/204) | 0 (0/859) |
| Tetracyclines | |||||
| Tetracycline | 1.6 (3/194) | 2.0 (4/204) | 3.1 (8/258) | 3.0 (6/203) | 2.4 (21/859) |
| AMRb | 56.7 (110/194) | 64.2 (131/204) | 57.0 (147/258) | 50.0 (102/204) | 57.0 (490/860) |
| MDRc | 21.7 (42/194) | 30.9 (63/204) | 16.7 (43/258) | 11.8 (24/204) | 20.0 (172/860)** |
| MRSCd | 25.2 (42/167) | 35.2 (70/199) | 39.2 (100/255) | 25.8 (49/190) | 32.2 (261/811) |
aTrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
bAntimicrobial resistance
cMultidrug resistance
dMethicillin-resistant S. coagulans, based on oxacillin disk diffusion testing confirmed with positive mecA PCR
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.0001 for Cochran-Armitage trend test