Appendix Table 4D.
Simple associations between COVID-19 vaccination intent and reasons for getting or not getting a COVID-19 vaccine among rural and urban residents
| Reason | Residence Location |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural residence |
Urban residence |
|||||
| n (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Reasons for getting a COVID-19 vaccine among those with uncertain/high intenta | ||||||
| I want to protect myself | 0.73 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 588 (98%) | 1.24 (0.38–4.08) | 2360 (96%) | 5.42 (3.25–9.04) | ||
| No | 15 (2%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 98 (4%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I want to protect my family | 0.89 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 572 (95%) | 1.06 (0.47–2.42) | 2312 (94%) | 2.53 (1.74–3.66) | ||
| No | 31 (5%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 147 (6%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I want to protect my community | 0.001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 542 (90%) | 2.79 (1.50–5.16) | 2186 (90%) | 2.83 (2.13–3.77) | ||
| No | 58 (10%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 252 (10%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I have a chronic health condition, such as asthma or diabetes, so it is important that I have it | 0.04 | 0.59 | ||||
| Yes | 256 (43%) | 1.47 (1.01–2.14) | 940 (39%) | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) | ||
| No | 341 (57%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1476 (61%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| It would be the best way to avoid getting seriously ill from COVID-19 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 535 (89%) | 2.66 (1.48–4.80) | 2204 (90%) | 4.85 (3.55–6.62) | ||
| No | 67 (11%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 240 (10%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| It would allow me to feel safe around other people | 0.03 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 505 (84%) | 1.71 (1.05–2.77) | 2040 (84%) | 2.96 (2.33–3.75) | ||
| No | 95 (16%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 401 (16%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| Life won’t go back to normal until most people are vaccinated | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 486 (81%) | 2.65 (1.67–4.21) | 1963 (81%) | 3.65 (2.90–4.59) | ||
| No | 111 (19%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 457 (19%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| Recommendation of medical professionals | 0.37 | 0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 521 (87%) | 1.27 (0.75–2.14) | 2164 (88%) | 1.71 (1.31–2.25) | ||
| No | 80 (13%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 286 (12%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| Recommendation of political leaders | 0.03 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 87 (15%) | 1.86 (1.08–3.20) | 299 (12%) | 2.61 (1.94–3.52) | ||
| No | 505 (85%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 2096 (88%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| Recommendation of religious leaders | 0.04 | 0.01 | ||||
| Yes | 81 (14%) | 1.77 (1.02–3.07) | 293 (12%) | 1.42 (1.08–1.87) | ||
| No | 507 (86%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 2102 (88%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| Recommendation of friends or family | 0.0002 | 0.003 | ||||
| Yes | 264 (45%) | 2.00 (1.38–2.89) | 1033 (43%) | 1.30 (1.09–1.55) | ||
| No | 328 (55%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1371 (57%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I believe the vaccine is safe | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 465 (79%) | 3.56 (2.16–5.87) | 1910 (80%) | 3.79 (2.99–4.79) | ||
| No | 125 (21%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 482 (20%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| Reasons would not get a COVID-19 vaccine among those with uncertain/low intentb | ||||||
| I am allergic to vaccines | 0.1 | 0.65 | ||||
| Yes | 31 (8%) | 0.50 (0.21–1.15) | 99 (7%) | 0.91 (0.59–1.38) | ||
| No | 376 (92%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1344 (93%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I don’t like needles | 0.74 | 0.23 | ||||
| Yes | 73 (18%) | 0.91 (0.52–1.59) | 272 (19%) | 0.84 (0.63–1.12) | ||
| No | 337 (82%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1174 (81%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I’m not concerned about getting seriously ill from COVID-19 | 0.3 | 0.19 | ||||
| Yes | 140 (34%) | 1.28 (0.81–2.02) | 438 (30%) | 1.18 (0.92–1.50) | ||
| No | 270 (66%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1020 (70%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I won’t have time to get vaccinated | 0.62 | 0.77 | ||||
| Yes | 23 (6%) | 0.79 (0.32–1.97) | 82 (6%) | 1.08 (0.66–1.75) | ||
| No | 385 (94%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1357 (94%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I would be concerned about getting infected with COVID-19 from the vaccine | 0.64 | 0.11 | ||||
| Yes | 199 (47%) | 0.90 (0.58–1.39) | 765 (51%) | 0.83 (0.67–1.04) | ||
| No | 226 (53%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 731 (49%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I would be concerned about side effects from the vaccine | 0.03 | 0.005 | ||||
| Yes | 351 (80%) | 0.53 (0.30–0.92) | 1217 (79%) | 0.68 (0.52–0.89) | ||
| No | 86 (20%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 317 (21%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I don’t think vaccines work very well | 0.3 | 0.37 | ||||
| Yes | 108 (26%) | 1.31 (0.79–2.18) | 340 (24%) | 1.13 (0.87–1.47) | ||
| No | 302 (74%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1105 (76%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| The COVID-19 outbreak is not as serious as some people say it is | 0.25 | 0.67 | ||||
| Yes | 91 (22%) | 1.37 (0.80–2.33) | 276 (19%) | 1.07 (0.80–1.42) | ||
| No | 319 (78%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1177 (81%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I would be concerned about the cost of the vaccine | 0.007 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 120 (29%) | 0.51 (0.32–0.83) | 462 (32%) | 0.57 (0.45–0.71) | ||
| No | 290 (71%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 995 (68%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| I think the COVID-19 vaccine will not work | 0.66 | 0.89 | ||||
| Yes | 148 (36%) | 0.90 (0.58–1.41) | 508 (35%) | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | ||
| No | 261 (64%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 939 (65%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
| Other reason | 0.04 | 0.03 | ||||
| Yes | 94 (30%) | 1.79 (1.04–3.08) | 342 (29%) | 1.35 (1.03–1.76) | ||
| No | 217 (70%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 855 (71%) | 1.00 (Ref) | ||
aUsed proportional odds model to individually assess each reason and its association with higher likelihood of vaccination among those who answered neither likely nor unlikely, somewhat likely, or very likely for vaccination. Models were adjusted for all of the covariates included in models in Table 2.
bUsed proportional odds model to individually assess each reason and its association with lower likelihood of vaccination among those who answered neither likely nor unlikely, somewhat unlikely, or very unlikely for vaccination. Models were adjusted for all of the covariates included in models in Table 2.