Table 2.

Plant extracts, essential oils, and natural compounds for the control P. digitatum and P. italicum.

Pathogens	Plants	Plant extracts	References
P. digitatum	Citrus reticulata (mandarin)	Waxy components, hexane extract, tangeritin, citral, and nobiletin	Johann et al., 2007
	Glycine max	β-conglycinin and glycinin	Villalobos et al., 2016
	Citrus japonica (kumquat)	Scoparone and scopoletin	Rodov et al., 1992
	Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary)	Essential oils, flavonoids, polyphenols, and methanol extracts	Hendel et al., 2016
	Aloe vera	Aloe saponins and anthraquinones	Sitara et al., 2011
	Saliva fruticosa Mill.	Carnosic acid, carnosol, and hispidulin	Exarchou et al., 2015
	Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Thymbra spicata, Anethum graveolens (dill), Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratus, Pelargonium graveolens, Mentha spicata (spearmint), Mentha piperita (peppermint), Foeniculum vulgare, Artemisia annua, Lavandula stoechas, Origanum syriacum, Lippia scaberrima, and Laurus nobilis (laurel)	Volatile oil	Yigit et al., 2000; Hall and Fernandez, 2004; Soylu et al., 2005; Du Plooy et al., 2009; De Corato et al., 2010; Tyagi and Malik, 2011
	Origanum dictamnus, Origanum vulgare, Origanum majorana, and Eugenia caryophyllata	Essential oils, thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol	Daferera et al., 2000; Yahyazadeh et al., 2008
	Parastrephia lepidophylla, Parastrephia phyliciformis, and Chuquiraga atacamensis	Aqueous extracts and total phenolics	Sayago et al., 2012
	Solanum nigrum, Sisymbrium irio, Ranunculus asiaticus, Crepis aspera, Chenopodium murale, and Ceratonia siliqua	Aqueous extracts, and flavonoids alkaloids	Qasem and Abu-Blan, 1995; Qasem, 1996; Ameziane et al., 2007; Askarne et al., 2012; Musto et al., 2014
	Astilbe myriantha Diels, Breonadia salicina	Triterpenoid	Eloff and Mahlo, 2011; Song et al., 2011
	Withania somnifera	Caffeic acid, salicylic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid	Mekbib et al., 2007, 2009
	Acacia seyal	Methanol extracts and gallic acid	Mekbib et al., 2007
	Lippia rehmannii	Verbascoside	Shikanga et al., 2009
	Lippia graveolens	Ethanolic and hexanic extracts	De Rodríguez et al., 2011
	Sapium baccatum	Tannic acid	Zhu H. et al., 2019
P. italicum	Citrus aurantium (sour orange)	Essential oils, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, linalool, and limonene	Trabelsi et al., 2016
	Ageratum conyzoides	Essential oils	Dixit et al., 1995
	Citrus sinensis (sweet orange), Citrus clementina (clementine), and Mentha arvensis (wild mint)	Volatile oil, citronellal limonene, linalool	Del Río et al., 1998; Tripathi et al., 2004; Droby et al., 2008
	Arenaria rubra and Acacia nilotica	Aqueous extracts	Tripathi et al., 2002; Ameziane et al., 2007; Askarne et al., 2012
	Ocimum canum and Zingiber officinale	Volatile oil	Tripathi et al., 2004
	Anvillea radiata, Asteriscus graveolens, Bubonium odorum, and Inula viscosa	Petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts	Ameziane et al., 2007; Askarne et al., 2012, 2013
	Halimium umbellatum	Methanol extract	Ameziane et al., 2007; Askarne et al., 2012, 2013
	Lantana camara	Verbascoside	Oyourou et al., 2013
	Populus × euramericana cv. “Neva” (poplar buds)	Flavonoids of chrysin, pinocembrin, and galangin	Yang et al., 2016
	Ficus hirta Vahl's	Pinocembrin-7-o-beta-D-glucoside	Wan et al., 2017a
	Simmondsia chinensis	Oil emulsion	Ahmed et al., 2007
P. digitatum and P. italicum	Citrus paradisi (grapefruit)	Coumarins including scoparone, umbelliferone, osthol, seselin, auraptene 7-geranoxycoumarin; essential oils, citral, myrcene, α-terpineol, linalool, α-pinene, limonene, sabinene, and nootkatone	Afek et al., 1999; Droby et al., 2008
	Citrus limon (Lemon)	Waxy components, scoparone, hexane extract, and xanthyletin; limettin, 5-geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin, isopimpinellin, and scoparone; citral, and volatile oil	Rodov et al., 1995; Johann et al., 2007
	Aloe ferox, Aloe saponaria, and Aloe mitriformis	Aloin	Zapata et al., 2013
	Camellia sinensis	Tea saponins	Hao et al., 2010
	Plantago lanceolata and Sanguisorba minor	Caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and (iso) verbascoside	Gatto et al., 2011
	Ramulus cinnamomi	Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid	Wan et al., 2017b
	Allium sativum (garlic)	Aqueous extracts, ethanolic extracts, allicin	Obagwu and Korsten, 2003
	Melaleuca alternifolia, Zataria multiflora, and Thymus vulgaris (thyme)	Essential oils	Ramezani et al., 2009; Fatemi et al., 2012; Zhang X. et al., 2018
	Thymus capitatus, Thymus leptobotrys, and Thymus riatarum	Volatile oil, carvacrol, and thymol	Arras and Usai, 2001; Boubaker et al., 2016
	Cistus villosus	Aqueous extracts	Ameziane et al., 2007; Askarne et al., 2012
	Punica granatum	Ethanol, methanol and water extracts, and phenolic compounds	Nicosia et al., 2016
	Lippia javanica	Verbascoside	Shikanga et al., 2009
	Thymus broussonnetii subsp. hannonis	Camphor and α-terpineol	Boubaker et al., 2016
	Thymus satureioides subsp. pseudomastichina	Borneol and thymol	Boubaker et al., 2016
	Peganum harmala	Harmine, tetrahydroharmine, and harmaline	Kanan and Al-Najar, 2009
	Chinese propolis	Ethyl acetate extract, methanol, and pinocembrin	Yang et al., 2010 Peng et al., 2012
	Sonchus oleraceus, Borago officinalis, and Sanguisorba minor	Methanol extract	Gatto et al., 2011